Question 1

Mr.King was debating on how to best motivate his employees.According to self-concordance,he should
A)provide relative rewards.
B)consider employee input-output ratio.
C)provide absolute rewards.
D)consider how strongly employee reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their core values.
E)increase extrinsic rewards.

Accepted Answer

According to self-concordance theory, employees are more motivated when their reasons for pursuing a goal are consistent with their core values. Therefore, Mr. King should consider the employees' reasons and values when trying to motivate them. Option D suggests that Mr.King should understand how strongly employees reason for pursuing goals are consistent with their core values.

Question 2

Jake gets paid $5 more an hour only because he is the boss's son; he does exactly the same tasks as the other employees.Even with this extra pay Jake is less motivated than his co-workers.Jake's motivation is explained by:
A)reinforcement theory.
B)equity theory.
C)objective goal setting.
D)management discretion.
E)self-determination theory.

Accepted Answer

Equity theory suggests that individuals compare their input/output ratio (what they contribute to what they receive) with relevant others. In this case, Jake may feel that his co-workers, who do the same tasks as him but get paid less, have a more favorable input/output ratio and therefore be less motivated.

Question 3

Braeden is looking for a new job.He used to be the company's top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted.However,one of the regional manager's friends was promoted to district manager instead.According to expectancy theory,Braeden's lack of motivation and satisfaction with his current job results from the ________ relationship.
A)performance-reward
B)effort-performance
C)reward-effort
D)reward-performance
E)extrinsic rewards

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory suggests that individuals' motivation and satisfaction are based on their belief that their effort will lead to good performance, which will then result in rewards or desired outcomes. In this case, Braeden's perception is that his high performance should have resulted in a promotion or reward, but this did not happen, leading to a disruption in the performance-reward relationship and a loss of motivation.

Question 4

Melanie works hard in the hope of getting a promotion but gets a pay increase.According to expectancy theory,Melanie's
A)valence is high.
B)expectancy is low.
C)instrumentality is low.
D)valence is low.
E)expectance is high.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Melanie works hard in the hope of...

Question 5

SCENARIO 4-7 Alice Ann Jones is the new director of human resources for a small consulting firm and has been charged with developing a performance evaluation and reward system.Alice Ann recognizes the importance of performance evaluation and rewards on employee behaviour and asks for your opinion and advice.
-Refer to Scenario 4-7.Alice Ann tells you that the firm pays on the basis of the productivity of each employee.Research on motivation would say this creates
A)higher intrinsic motivation towards tasks.
B)lower intrinsic motivation toward tasks.
C)self-determination.
D)higher job satisfaction.
E)lower productivity.

Accepted Answer

Research on motivation suggests that paying employees solely based on productivity can lower their intrinsic motivation towards tasks as they are only working for the external reward rather than the enjoyment or satisfaction of completing the task. This can lead to a decrease in creativity and problem-solving ability, as well as lower overall job satisfaction. It is important for Alice Ann to consider alternative forms of rewards and recognition that support both the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of employees.

Question 6

According to Cognitive Evaluation Theory,providing incentive pay
A)causes co-workers to compete with each other for rewards.
B)encourages employees to perform at a higher level to balance the i/o ratio.
C)changes the employee's perceptions of self.
D)decreases employees' overall levels of intrinsic motivation.
E)helps employees meet their need for achievement.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Evaluation Theory suggests that external rewards, such as incentive pay, can decrease intrinsic motivation because they shift the focus from internal satisfaction to external rewards.

Question 7

________ justice is the perceived fairness of process used to determine the distribution of rewards.
A)Distributive
B)Interactional
C)Organizational
D)Procedural
E)Relative

Accepted Answer

Procedural justice refers to the fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards. Distributive justice is about the distribution of rewards themselves, organizational justice refers to the overall fairness of an organization, relative justice is not a commonly used term, and interactional justice refers to the fairness of interpersonal treatment.

Question 8

An employee motivated by intrinsic rewards,would most likely choose
A)ongoing opportunities for education and training.
B)a company car.
C)incentive bonuses.
D)increased salary.
E)generous employee benefits.

Accepted Answer

An employee motivated by intrinsic rewards is driven by internal factors such as passion, sense of fulfillment, and personal growth. Ongoing opportunities for education and training can provide them with a sense of purpose and meaning in their work, leading to increased job satisfaction and motivation. The other options listed are examples of extrinsic rewards, which may not be as effective in motivating an employee driven by intrinsic rewards.

Question 9

Within the framework of the equity theory,if an employee perceives unfair treatment and decides to work harder,what choice have they made?
A)adjust perceptions of others
B)choose a different referent
C)adjust perceptions of self
D)change their outcomes
E)change their inputs

Accepted Answer

The answer of Within the framework of the equity theory,if...

Question 10

The motivation theories that focus on needs are:
A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs,Theory X and Y,and Herzberg's two-factor theory.
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs,Herzberg's two-factor theory,and McClelland's theory of needs.
C)Maslow's hierarchy of needs,Theory X and Y,and McClelland's theory of needs.
D)Maslow's hierarchy of needs,Herzberg's two-factor theory,and Reinforcement theory.
E)Maslow's hierarchy of needs,Herzberg's two-factor theory,and Equity theory.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McClelland's theory of needs all focus on identifying and satisfying employees' needs. Maslow's theory describes a hierarchy of needs that must be met in order for an individual to be motivated and satisfied. Herzberg's theory identifies two types of factors that affect motivation and job satisfaction: hygiene factors (such as salary and working conditions) and motivators (such as recognition and growth opportunities). McClelland's theory suggests that individuals have three needs: achievement, affiliation, and power, and that the fulfillment of these needs can motivate behavior.

Question 11

Mr.King was debating on how to best motivate his employees.According to self-determination theory,he should
A)determine to increase extrinsic rewards.
B)link performance to appropriate rewards.
C)pay employees fairly for the work they perform.
D)link employee recognition to organizational goals.
E)provide training to increase employee competency.

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation, which can be enhanced by providing opportunities for employees to develop their skills and competencies.

Question 12

SCENARIO 4-7 Alice Ann Jones is the new director of human resources for a small consulting firm and has been charged with developing a performance evaluation and reward system.Alice Ann recognizes the importance of performance evaluation and rewards on employee behaviour and asks for your opinion and advice.
-Refer to Scenario 4-7.If Alice Ann provides rewards that increase intrinsic motivation of the employees,she would be offering employees a sense of
A)choice,competence and conditioning.
B)choice,meaningfulness and conditioning.
C)competence,determination and progress.
D)choice,competence and meaningfulness.
E)determination,competence and meaningfulness.

Accepted Answer

Providing rewards that increase intrinsic motivation would offer employees a sense of choice in their work, competence in their abilities to perform well, and meaningfulness in their tasks. Conditioning and progress are not directly related to intrinsic motivation.

Question 13

Sense of competence is
A)the opportunity to delegate authority.
B)the opportunity to pursue worthwhile tasks.
C)the opportunity to compete with others.
D)the opportunity to select what one will do and perform the way one thinks best.
E)the feeling of accomplishment from doing a good job.

Accepted Answer

Sense of competence refers to the feeling of accomplishment and satisfaction that comes from doing a good job. It is not related to delegating authority, pursuing tasks, competing with others, or having control over what one does.

Question 14

Jessica was volunteering at the Humane Society ten hours a week and loving it! Then,they hired Jessica two months ago to do the same work.However,ever since she became an employee working at the Humane Society she is just not finding it as fun.Jessica's reaction to becoming an employee is explained by:
A)procedural justice.
B)self-determination theory.
C)reinforcement theory.
D)equity theory.
E)motivation.

Accepted Answer

Jessica's change in perception from volunteering to being an employee aligns with self-determination theory, which suggests that intrinsic motivation (doing something because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable) can diminish when external rewards (like payment) are introduced. This theory explains why Jessica might find the work less fun now that she is being paid for it, as her motivation might have shifted from intrinsic to extrinsic.

Question 15

When Jaden shows up to work,he becomes completely absorbed in what he is doing.Jaden puts all his energies into his job.Jaden has a
A)high level of expectancy.
B)high level of instrumentality.
C)high level of valence.
D)high level of job engagement.
E)high level of goal-setting.

Accepted Answer

Jaden's behavior of becoming completely absorbed in his job and putting all his energies into it indicates a high level of job engagement, which refers to an employee's emotional involvement, commitment, and satisfaction with their work. This means that Jaden is likely to be highly motivated and invested in his job, which can lead to positive outcomes for both himself and his organization.

Question 16

Kenneth Thomas identifies four key rewards that increase an individual's intrinsic motivation; they are
A)sense of choice,sense of competence,sense of meaningfulness,sense of progress.
B)sense of justice,sense of competence,sense of meaningfulness,sense of progress.
C)sense of choice,sense of competence,sense of meaningfulness,sense of task.
D)sense of choice,sense of competence,sense of meaningfulness,sense of justice.
E)sense of choice,sense of judgment,sense of meaningfulness,sense of progress.

Accepted Answer

According to Kenneth Thomas, the four key rewards that increase an individual's intrinsic motivation are the sense of choice, competence, meaningfulness, and progress. Therefore, option A, which includes all these four rewards, is the best choice. Option B is incorrect because it includes "sense of justice," which is not identified by Thomas as a key reward for intrinsic motivation. Option C is also incorrect because it includes "sense of task," which is not a specific reward identified by Thomas. Option D includes "sense of justice" again, and Option E includes "sense of judgment," which is not identified as a key reward by Thomas.

Question 17

Within the framework of the equity theory,if an employee perceives unfair treatment and decides to exert less effort,what choice have they made?
A)change their inputs
B)change their outcomes
C)adjust perceptions of self
D)choose a different referent
E)adjust perceptions of others

Accepted Answer

The employee has chosen to change their inputs, meaning they decide to exert less effort as a response to perceived unfair treatment. This is a direct way to try to restore equity according to the equity theory.

Question 18

Don was in the habit of reprimanding employees when they arrived late for work.The second time an employee was late,he or she would be docked pay.Don is using which type of reinforcement?
A)positive
B)negative
C)punishment
D)extinction
E)critical incident

Accepted Answer

Don is using punishment as a method to discourage employees from being late by docking their pay after the second occurrence. This approach aims to decrease the likelihood of the behavior (arriving late) by applying an adverse consequence.

Question 19

Which of the following set of four behaviours has Kenneth Thomas identified as ones that managers can use to build intrinsic rewards for employees?
A)leading for choice,leading for justice,leading for meaningfulness,and leading for progress
B)leading for choice,leading for competence,leading for meaningfulness,and leading for progress
C)leading for passion,leading for competence,leading for meaningfulness,and leading for progress
D)leading for choice,leading for competence,leading for meaningfulness,and leading for satisfaction

Accepted Answer

Kenneth Thomas has identified leading for choice, leading for competence, leading for meaningfulness, and leading for progress as the set of four behaviours that managers can use to build intrinsic rewards for employees. These behaviours refer to granting employees autonomy over their work, providing opportunities for skill development, connecting work to a higher purpose, and recognizing progress made towards goals, respectively.

Question 20

SCENARIO 4-7 Alice Ann Jones is the new director of human resources for a small consulting firm and has been charged with developing a performance evaluation and reward system.Alice Ann recognizes the importance of performance evaluation and rewards on employee behaviour and asks for your opinion and advice.
-Refer to Scenario 4-7.Alice Ann's firm would like employees to be creative in their thinking and empowered to act and solve problems that arise.You suggest that goal setting with employees may be a positive process to help accomplish this.Which of the following is TRUE of goal setting?
A)If the employee chooses the goal because of intrinsic interest,the employee is likely to be happier when the goal is achieved.
B)If the employee chooses the goal because of intrinsic interest,the employee is more likely to achieve the goal.
C)If the employee chooses the goal because of intrinsic interest,the employee is less likely to achieve the goal.
D)If the employee chooses the goal because of intrinsic interest,the employee is likely to be unhappy if the goal is not achieved.
E)If the employee chooses the goal because of intrinsic interest,there must still be an extrinsic reward for the goal to be motivating.

Accepted Answer

If the employee chooses the goal because of intrinsic interest, the employee is likely to be happier when the goal is achieved.

Quiz 4: Theories of Motivation

Mr.King was debating on how to best motivate his employees.According to self-concordance,he should

Jake gets paid $5 more an hour only because he is the boss's son; he does exactly the same tasks as the other employees.Even with this extra pay Jake is less motivated than his co-workers.Jake's motivation is explained by:

Melanie works hard in the hope of getting a promotion but gets a pay increase.According to expectancy theory,Melanie's

According to Cognitive Evaluation Theory,providing incentive pay

________ justice is the perceived fairness of process used to determine the distribution of rewards.

An employee motivated by intrinsic rewards,would most likely choose

Within the framework of the equity theory,if an employee perceives unfair treatment and decides to work harder,what choice have they made?

The motivation theories that focus on needs are:

Mr.King was debating on how to best motivate his employees.According to self-determination theory,he should

Sense of competence is

When Jaden shows up to work,he becomes completely absorbed in what he is doing.Jaden puts all his energies into his job.Jaden has a

Kenneth Thomas identifies four key rewards that increase an individual's intrinsic motivation; they are

Within the framework of the equity theory,if an employee perceives unfair treatment and decides to exert less effort,what choice have they made?

Don was in the habit of reprimanding employees when they arrived late for work.The second time an employee was late,he or she would be docked pay.Don is using which type of reinforcement?

Which of the following set of four behaviours has Kenneth Thomas identified as ones that managers can use to build intrinsic rewards for employees?