Question 1

________ are the events that lead to the experience of stress.

Accepted Answer

Stressors are the events or situations that lead to the experience of stress. They can be external, such as a difficult work environment or a traumatic event, or internal, such as chronic worry or illness.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination has been linked to long-term effects on both physical and mental health, including increased stress levels, cardiovascular disease, depression, anxiety, and overall poor health outcomes. These effects can be both short-term and long-term, with some studies suggesting that even the anticipation of future discrimination can have negative health impacts. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 3

Which of the following would most likely be an acute stressor?

Accepted Answer

Having a fight with your partner is a specific and immediate event that would trigger an acute stress response. The other options are more chronic stressors that may have long-term effects on mental health but may not have an immediate impact on stress levels.

Question 4

Felicia was always a good student,earning mostly B's in high-school.When she arrived at university,she was paired with Amelia,a straight-A student.Over the semester,Felicia and Amelia spent a lot of time together studying,talking,and hanging out.At the end of the term,Felicia noticed that most of her grades had started improving.Felicia's academic success might be attributed to

Accepted Answer

Felicia's academic success can be attributed to social contagion, which means she was influenced by Amelia's high academic performance and adopted similar study habits and attitudes.

Question 5

After we have decided that a certain event is a stressor,we must decide how we will deal with it and what resources are available for coping.This process is called

Accepted Answer

Secondary appraisal involves evaluating one's resources and options for coping with a stressor. This is the step taken after the initial primary appraisal of whether the event is a stressor or not. The other options (social readjustment rating and daily hassle appraisal) are specific methods for measuring stress, rather than stages of the coping process.

Question 6

The unintentional spreading of a behaviour,as a result of social interactions is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Social contagion refers to the unintentional spread of a behavior or idea through social interactions. It can often be observed in situations such as the spread of fashion trends or slang words. Social resilience refers to the ability of a community to recover from and adapt to changes and challenges. Social spreading is a term that is not commonly used in this context, and viral marketing is a deliberate, planned effort to spread a message or product through social networks.

Question 7

High stress levels and poor nutrition put children who grow up in low socioeconomic status communities at a greater risk of developing ___________ as adults.

Accepted Answer

Low socioeconomic status communities often have limited access to healthy food options, leading to poor nutrition. Additionally, high stress levels in these communities increase the risk for developing a variety of health issues, including heart disease, later in life. Schizophrenia and post-traumatic growth are not necessarily related to these factors, and social contagion refers to the spread of behaviors or ideas within a group rather than a health condition.

Question 8

_________ describes the ability to endure and recover from life stressors,and can protect an individual from negative health outcomes caused by those stressors.

Accepted Answer

Social resilience refers to an individual's ability to endure and recover from life stressors. It can protect an individual from negative health outcomes caused by those stressors, such as depression and anxiety. Social isolation, marriage, and social contagion do not specifically describe an individual's ability to endure and recover from life stressors.

Question 9

Which of the following may explain why the health benefit of heterosexual marriage is different for men versus women?

Accepted Answer

Women often play a more active role in monitoring and supporting the health of their family members, including their spouses, which can contribute to the observed health benefits of marriage for men.

Question 10

_____________ is as great a mortality risk as smoking,obesity,and high blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Chronic social isolation is as great a mortality risk as smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure. Poor job satisfaction and experiencing discrimination can have negative impacts on mental health but do not have the same level of mortality risk as chronic social isolation. Being married, on the other hand, has been linked to better physical and mental health outcomes.

Question 11

________ occurs when the demands of a situation exceed our ability to cope effectively.

Accepted Answer

Stress is a physical and psychological response to challenging and demanding situations that exceed our capacity to cope effectively. In response to stress, individuals may experience a range of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms, such as irritability, anxiety, difficulty focusing, and changes in appetite or sleep patterns. Social isolation, resilience, and appraisal are related concepts but do not directly correspond to the definition given in the question.

Question 12

Although Kassie has had a very stressful year-losing her whole family in a car crash-she has managed to remain positive and optimistic about the future.It is likely that Kassie has strong _________,which will protect her from the negative outcomes of the stress she has been enduring.

Accepted Answer

Social resilience refers to the ability of an individual to cope with stress and adversity by drawing on external resources such as social support networks. Kassie's ability to remain positive and optimistic despite the loss of her entire family suggests that she has strong social resilience, enabling her to weather the stress and trauma she has experienced. Stress appraisal refers to the way in which an individual perceives and evaluates stressors, social isolation refers to the lack of social connections, and social contagion refers to the spread of emotions or behaviors within a social group. While these concepts may be relevant to Kassie's situation, they do not capture the specific aspect of her resilience that is most notable.

Question 13

According to Lazarus and Folkman,our first task when faced with a potential stressor is to determine whether it is a challenge or threat.This evaluation is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Lazarus and Folkman's model of stress suggests that the first step in appraising a stressor is to evaluate it as either a challenge or threat. This is referred to as primary appraisal. Secondary appraisal involves evaluating one's ability to cope with the stressor. Daily hassle appraisal and social readjustment rating are different measures of stress.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about health effects of marriage?

Accepted Answer

While both men and women benefit from marriage, research has shown that men typically experience greater health benefits. Married men have been found to have lower rates of heart disease, stroke, and depression than unmarried men. Women also benefit from marriage in terms of mental and physical health, but the effects are not as strong as for men. It is important to note that the quality of the marriage, the level of support, and the level of conflict can all impact the health effects of marriage for both men and women.

Question 15

Miranda is questioning whether her upcoming business trip,where she must travel through an area affected by the Zika virus,will pose a danger for her.As such,this example illustrates

Accepted Answer

The example of Miranda questioning the potential danger of her upcoming business trip is an example of primary appraisal, which involves evaluating whether a situation is relevant to one's well-being. It does not involve any coping strategies or social readjustment ratings yet. Secondary appraisal would involve evaluating one's ability to cope with the situation.

Question 16

Jonah (male)and Lacey (female)just got married.Although every marriage is different,how is their marriage most likely to affect their health?

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that marriage tends to have a positive impact on health for both partners, but men often experience slightly more health benefits than women. This includes lower rates of depression, higher survival rates after major surgeries, and overall better mental and physical health.

Question 17

Imagine that you have just flunked a class.You evaluate this situation and decide that flunking a class is stressful and important enough to be upset about.Next you decide to repeat the class in summer school.You have made

Accepted Answer

The individual has made both a primary and a secondary appraisal. The primary appraisal is that flunking a class is a stressful and important event. The secondary appraisal is the decision to repeat the class in summer school as a way to cope with the situation.

Question 18

The health problems of children growing up in poverty are thought to be further compounded by _________,which can lead to an increased risk for heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Stress from living in poverty can have negative physical effects on children, including increasing their risk for heart disease later in life.

Question 19

Over time,groups of people who interact regularly can become increasingly similar in terms of body weight,smoking habits,and even happiness.This increased similarity is likely due to

Accepted Answer

Social contagion refers to the spread of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions among a group of people through social interaction. As individuals within a group observe and imitate each other’s behaviors, they become more similar over time. This can explain why certain health behaviors, such as smoking or exercise, tend to cluster within social networks. It can also explain why individuals’ happiness levels can be influenced by the happiness of their friends and family members. Social contagion does not necessarily involve coercion, and it is not related to viral susceptibility or set point changes.

Question 20

When Wally decided to quit smoking,several of his friends began smoking less.Over time,most of Wally's friends eventually stopped smoking as well.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Social contagion refers to the spread of behaviors and attitudes within a group of people through social influence. In this case, Wally's decision to quit smoking influenced his friends, who in turn influenced others in their social network to also quit smoking. This is an example of how behavior change can spread through social contagion.

Quiz 14: C: Health, Stress, and Coping