Question 1

By learning to classify cats and dogs,monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Accepted Answer

By categorizing cats and dogs, monkeys are demonstrating their ability to form concepts, which refers to the mental representation of a category that includes all the relevant features of the objects within that category.

Question 2

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called

Accepted Answer

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas refers to creativity. Convergent thinking is the opposite of generating new ideas as it involves narrowing down possibilities to find the best solution. Belief perseverance refers to holding onto a particular belief even when presented with conflicting evidence. Framing refers to the way in which information is presented and can influence decision-making but doesn't necessarily involve producing new ideas.

Question 3

Allowing time for complex ideas to incubate outside of conscious awareness is most likely to promote

Accepted Answer

Allowing time for complex ideas to incubate outside of conscious awareness promotes creativity. This is because the unconscious mind can make novel connections and generate creative insights that the conscious mind may not readily come up with.

Question 4

A person who can imagine many alternative uses of a paper clip best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking involves generating multiple ideas or solutions for a given problem or object, which is demonstrated by the ability to imagine alternative uses for a paper clip. The framing effect refers to how information is presented and can influence decision making, the availability heuristic is a cognitive shortcut where we rely on easily accessible information, and convergent thinking involves narrowing down ideas or solutions to one correct answer.

Question 5

Kristina,a high school English teacher,is eager to promote creativity in her writing class students.Which of the following reminders is likely to do the most to accomplish her goal?

Accepted Answer

Reminding students that they have the ability to produce interesting insights through their writing encourages them to think creatively and outside the box. It promotes the idea that writing can be a fun and rewarding process, rather than just a task to be completed to meet requirements or expectations. This strategy is likely to inspire students to be more creative in their writing assignments. The other options focus on external motivators (evaluation by a well-known author, job demands, and college admissions), which may not necessarily inspire creativity or a love for writing in all students.

Question 6

Master chess players can make correct game moves at such speed that their acquired expertise feels like

Accepted Answer

Intuition refers to the ability to make decisions without conscious reasoning or calculation. The expertise of master chess players is developed over years of practice and study, leading to the development of patterns and strategies that can be applied in different situations. This ability to recognize patterns and make quick decisions is often described as intuition in the context of chess playing.

Question 7

Convergent thinking is to academic aptitude as divergent thinking is to

Accepted Answer

Convergent thinking is typically associated with the use of logic and reasoning to arrive at a single correct solution, whereas divergent thinking involves generating multiple solutions and exploring different options. This type of thinking is often associated with creativity and innovation, making option D the best choice.

Question 8

Alex was an African Grey parrot who displayed

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alex was an African Grey parrot who...

Question 9

Forest-dwelling chimpanzees use a light,flexible stick for fishing for termites.This illustrates their naturally developed use of

Accepted Answer

The use of a stick as a tool for fishing for termites shows the chimpanzees' natural development of tool use. They have learned to use an external object to solve a problem, which is a key characteristic of tool use. Prototypes, heuristics, and algorithms are not relevant in this context.

Question 10

Although intuition can at times hinder rationality,it is often adaptive because it facilitates

Accepted Answer

Intuition can lead to quick decisions, which can be adaptive in certain situations.

Question 11

Convergent thinking involves

Accepted Answer

Convergent thinking involves narrowing down the available solutions to a problem. This process leads to a single answer or a limited set of possible solutions.

Question 12

Although Kaylee agreed with a particular politician's policies and position statements,her unconscious gut reaction to his slightly high-pitched voice led her to vote for the opposition candidate.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of intuition, where Kaylee's unconscious gut reaction influenced her decision-making process. Confirmation bias, overconfidence, and belief perseverance do not accurately describe the situation.

Question 13

The most creative scientists are those who

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation is a key trait of creative scientists. They are driven to solve problems because they find the work inherently interesting and rewarding. This motivation often leads to new and unique approaches to scientific questions.

Question 14

If a stranger looks like someone who previously harmed or threatened us in some way,we may-without consciously recalling the earlier experience-react warily.This illustrates that our reactions to others may be influenced by

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question exemplifies the influence of intuition on our reactions to others. Our intuition, or gut feeling, relies on our subconscious processing of past experiences and cues from our environment, without necessarily requiring conscious recall of the specific events. Therefore, in this situation, the individual may react warily based on their subconscious association between the stranger's appearance and the previous threatening experience.

Question 15

Intrinsic motivation is thought to be an important component of

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to being motivated by internal factors such as personal interest, enjoyment, or satisfaction rather than external rewards or pressures. Creative endeavors often rely on intrinsic motivation as individuals may engage in these activities for the joy of the process rather than for any external reward.

Question 16

Injury to the left ________ lobe damages the convergent thinking required for successful performance on intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobe is responsible for convergent thinking, which involves using logic and reasoning to come up with a single correct solution to a problem. Damage to this area can result in difficulty with intelligence tests that require convergent thinking. The other options (frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes) are not primarily associated with convergent thinking.

Question 17

A period of distraction that enables people to process complex information unconsciously can improve decision making.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

The period of distraction that enables people to process complex information unconsciously is an example of intuition, which often involves unconscious processing and can lead to improved decision making. The other options listed do not fully explain this phenomenon. Algorithms involve a step-by-step process, whereas intuition is often automatic and less structured. Belief perseverance refers to the tendency to maintain beliefs even when evidence contradicts them, which is not relevant to this scenario. Trial and error typically involves conscious effort and learning from mistakes, whereas the period of distraction described in the question involves unconscious processing.

Question 18

Expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem illustrates

Accepted Answer

Expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem requires divergent thinking, which is the cognitive process of generating multiple ideas and solutions to a single problem. The other options are not applicable in this context. The availability heuristic refers to making judgments based on the ease with which examples come to mind. A mental set refers to the tendency to approach problems with a fixed mindset and using the same strategy even when it is not effective. Belief perseverance is the tendency to hold onto beliefs even when presented with contradictory evidence.

Question 19

In Wolfgang Köhler's experiments,the chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to retrieve a longer stick,which he then used to reach a piece of fruit.The chimpanzee appeared to display

Accepted Answer

Sultan's use of the short stick to retrieve a longer stick and then using the longer stick to reach the fruit indicates that he had insight or understanding of the problem and was able to come up with a solution that was not trial-and-error or based on a fixation.

Question 20

Environments that maximize creativity are likely to be those that foster

Accepted Answer

Environments that foster creativity are more likely to encourage contemplation or divergent thinking. Contemplation allows individuals to explore multiple ideas and options, leading to more creative solutions.

Quiz 10: Thinking and Language