Question 1

After learning the web address of a local retail store,Alex was able to remember it only long enough to post it in his frequent contacts file.In this case,the web address was clearly stored in his ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Alex was able to remember the web address only long enough to add it to his frequent contacts file suggests that the information was only briefly stored in his memory. This type of temporary memory is known as short-term memory. Implicit memory refers to memories that are not consciously retrieved, echoic memory refers specifically to auditory sensory memory, and long-term memory refers to memories that are stored for extended periods of time.

Question 2

The importance of parallel processing is emphasized by a model of memory known as

Accepted Answer

Connectionism is a model of memory that emphasizes parallel processing, in which multiple cognitive processes occur simultaneously. Parallel processing allows for faster and more efficient information processing and retrieval. Mnemonics, the peg-word system, and conditioning are not specifically related to the importance of parallel processing in memory.

Question 3

Three basic measures of memory retention are

Accepted Answer

Recall refers to the ability to retrieve information from memory without any cues or prompts, recognition refers to identifying information as previously encountered, and relearning refers to the amount of time or effort it takes to learn information again that was previously learned and subsequently forgotten. These three measures are commonly used to assess memory retention.

Question 4

As compared with long-term memory,short-term memory is ________ permanent and ________ limited in storage capacity.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is less permanent than long-term memory as it only lasts for a brief period of time, whereas long-term memory can potentially last a lifetime. Short-term memory is also more limited in storage capacity as it can only hold a small amount of information at once, whereas long-term memory has a much larger capacity.

Question 5

Which measure of memory retention is used by fill-in-the-blank test questions?

Accepted Answer

Fill-in-the-blank test questions require individuals to recall information from memory without any cues or prompts, which is the definition of recall. Relearning involves learning information again after it has been forgotten, rehearsal involves repeating information to remember it, and recognition involves identifying information from a list of options.

Question 6

Memory is best defined as

Accepted Answer

Memory is the process by which information is acquired, stored, and retrieved. It involves the persistence of learning and the ability to retrieve that learning through the storage and retrieval of information. Memory involves both conscious and unconscious processing, and information can be stored semantically or through other means. Retrieval of information does not necessarily have to be in the same form it was encoded in.

Question 7

Memory acquisition is to memory retention as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Memory acquisition refers to the process of encoding information into memory, while memory retention refers to the process of storing that information over time. Similarly, encoding refers to the initial acquisition of information, while storage refers to its retention over time. Therefore, encoding is to storage as memory acquisition is to memory retention.

Question 8

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Sensory memory is a brief and fleeting memory, working memory is a temporary holding place for information currently being used, and implicit memory is memory that is not consciously accessible, such as skills and habits.

Question 9

The process of getting information into memory is called

Accepted Answer

The process of getting information into memory is called encoding.

Question 10

Which pioneering researcher was the first to make extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?

Accepted Answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first to make extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory. He conducted experiments on himself in the late 19th century, where he memorized lists of meaningless three-consonant sequences and measured his ability to recall them over time.

Question 11

Alan Baddeley's model of working memory includes

Accepted Answer

Baddeley's model of working memory includes the phonological loop for auditory information and the visuospatial sketchpad for visual information. It does not include motor skill learning or classical conditioning which are part of long-term memory.

Question 12

Which measure of memory did Ebbinghaus use to assess the impact of rehearsal on the retention of nonsense syllables?

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus used relearning as a measure of memory, where he measured how much time it took for him to relearn a list of nonsense syllables that he had previously memorized. By comparing the time it took to initially learn the list to the time it took to relearn the list after varying periods of time, Ebbinghaus was able to assess the impact of rehearsal on retention.

Question 13

An eyewitness to a bank robbery is asked to identify suspects from a police lineup.Which test of memory is being used?

Accepted Answer

Recognition involves identifying information or stimuli that has already been experienced, such as identifying suspects from a police lineup. Recall involves retrieving information from memory without any external cues, while relearning involves the ability to learn information that has previously been learned or memorized. Reconstruction involves piecing together information from memory in a way that may not be entirely accurate or complete.

Question 14

Using different neural networks to simultaneously encode the voice quality,lyrics,and musical accompaniment of a memorable vocal performance best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The use of multiple neural networks to process different aspects of a vocal performance (voice quality, lyrics, and accompaniment) simultaneously is an example of parallel processing. Each network is responsible for processing its designated aspect of the performance simultaneously with the others, allowing for efficient and coordinated processing of multiple stimuli.

Question 15

Which of the following types of memory is of shortest duration?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the type of memory that holds information for a very brief period of time, typically only a few seconds or less. It is responsible for allowing us to perceive and process the world around us in real-time. Short-term memory can hold information for up to 30 seconds, while explicit memory (memories that we intentionally try to remember) and implicit memory (memories that we are not consciously aware of, such as how to ride a bike) can last for much longer.

Question 16

Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus' retention curve examines how much information is retained over time after initial learning. One of the factors that can affect retention is rehearsal, or the repetition of information to help consolidate it into long-term memory. Therefore, choice C (rehearsal) is the best answer option.

Question 17

Annika has difficulty forming long-term memories of classroom lessons because she can't focus her attention long enough to mentally grasp what is being taught.Annika most clearly demonstrates difficulty with

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of taking in information and processing it into a form that can be stored in memory. Annika's difficulty in forming long-term memories suggests that she may have difficulty encoding the information that is being presented in class.

Question 18

Information-processing models compare human memory to a

Accepted Answer

Information-processing models compare human memory to the operation of a computer, with the brain encoding, storing, and retrieving information in a similar way to a computer's processing of data. This is the most apt comparison among the answer choices.

Question 19

The process of retrieval refers to

Accepted Answer

Retrieval refers to the process of getting information out of memory storage.

Question 20

Forming conscious mental images of the location of your bedroom door requires

Accepted Answer

Forming a conscious mental image requires working memory, which is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information in the mind. Procedural memory is involved in learning and performing physical skills, while shallow processing is characterized by processing information on a superficial level. Echoic memory is a type of sensory memory that briefly holds auditory information.

Quiz 9: Memory