Question 1

Sleeptalking may occur during

Accepted Answer

Sleeptalking can occur during any stage of sleep. However, it is more common in NREM-2 and NREM-3 sleep.

Question 2

Sleepwalking typically occurs during

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking, or somnambulism, occurs during NREM-3 sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep or deep sleep. During this stage, the brain is less responsive to outside stimuli and it can be more difficult to wake the sleepwalker.

Question 3

To cure his insomnia,Mr.Ming takes a sleeping pill just before bedtime.Research suggests that this practice

Accepted Answer

Taking sleeping pills just before bedtime may actually aggravate Mr. Ming's sleeping difficulties in the long run. It can lead to dependence on the pills and worsening of insomnia when trying to stop using them. Moreover, sleeping pills can have side effects such as dizziness, confusion, and daytime drowsiness.

Question 4

Sleepwalking and sleeptalking are most likely to be experienced during

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking and sleeptalking are more common in childhood and tend to decrease with age.

Question 5

Genes that cause ________ can do so by producing an immune system attack on brain cells that enable alertness.

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that is caused by the immune system attacking the brain cells responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep. This attack is believed to be triggered by genes that increase the risk of developing narcolepsy. Sleep apnea is caused by breathing difficulties during sleep, insomnia is the inability to fall or stay asleep, and sleep-talking is a harmless sleep behavior.

Question 6

Sequences of images notable for their hallucinatory quality are most likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

Sequences of images notable for their hallucinatory quality are most likely to be associated with REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, which is the stage of sleep during which most dreaming occurs. During REM sleep, the brain is very active and can produce vivid and surreal images, sometimes described as hallucinations.

Question 7

Mr.Dayton often stops breathing while sleeping.He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep.Mrs.Dayton complains that her husband snores.Clearly,Mr.Dayton suffers from

Accepted Answer

Mr. Dayton's symptoms of stopping breathing while sleeping and waking up to snort air are characteristic of sleep apnea.

Question 8

According to Freud,the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the true, hidden, and personally threatening meaning of a dream is its latent content, and it is often disguised and distorted in the dream by its manifest content.

Question 9

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a disorder where a person experiences excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. This would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver, as it would increase their risk of falling asleep while driving and potentially cause a dangerous accident. Night terrors, insomnia, and sleepwalking may also impact sleep quality, but are not as severe as narcolepsy in this context.

Question 10

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep. This can lead to interrupted sleep patterns and symptoms such as loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Question 11

When dreamers' faces were lightly sprayed with cold water,they were more likely than other dreamers to experience

Accepted Answer

Spraying dreamers' faces with cold water can influence their dream content, making them more likely to dream about water. This phenomenon is due to the sensory input being incorporated into the dream.

Question 12

After suffering a trauma,people commonly report an increase in

Accepted Answer

After a trauma, people commonly report an increase in threatening dreams, also known as post-traumatic nightmares. These nightmares can be vivid and disturbing, leading to disrupted sleep and even insomnia. However, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and sleepwalking are not typically associated with trauma.

Question 13

According to Freud,the manifest content of a dream refers to the

Accepted Answer

The manifest content of a dream is the remembered story line of a dream. This is in contrast to the latent content, which refers to the underlying meaning of the dream as interpreted by psychoanalysis.

Question 14

Which sleep disorder is more likely to be experienced by children than by adults?

Accepted Answer

Night terrors are more common in children, particularly between the ages of 3 and 8. Sleep apnea and narcolepsy can occur in both children and adults, while insomnia is more common in adults but can also occur in children.

Question 15

According to Freud,people dream in order to

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, people dream in order to give expression to personally threatening drives and wishes that cannot be expressed in waking life due to social and cultural constraints. Freud believed that dreams were a manifestation of the unconscious, and that the symbolic imagery in dreams was a representation of repressed desires, conflicts, and anxieties. Freud saw dreams as a kind of "wish fulfillment" in which the unconscious mind could express forbidden impulses and desires without fear of judgment or punishment.

Question 16

For both men and women,the ________ of dreams include an unpleasant event or emotion and the ________ of dreams involve sexual imagery.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that both men and women have more unpleasant dreams than pleasant ones, making it a majority (not a minority) experience. Additionally, studies have consistently shown that sexual imagery is a common occurrence in male and female dreams, making it a minority (not a majority) experience. Therefore, Choice D is the most accurate.

Question 17

About three hours after he falls asleep,Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently.His mother tries to awaken him,but with no success.The next morning,he remembers nothing.It appears that Bobby suffers from

Accepted Answer

The description of Bobby's symptoms - sitting up in bed screaming incoherently, inability to be awakened, and subsequent lack of recall - are characteristic of night terrors. Night terrors usually occur during the non-REM stage of sleep and are most commonly seen in children.

Question 18

The disorder involving uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness is known as

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness, which can occur at any time during the day. Insomnia refers to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Sleep apnea involves interrupted breathing during sleep. Paradoxical sleep refers to the stage of sleep where the brain is highly active and dreaming occurs.

Question 19

Regular use of a CPAP machine is most frequently prescribed for the treatment of

Accepted Answer

Regular use of a CPAP machine is most frequently prescribed for the treatment of sleep apnea. CPAP stands for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, which helps keep the airway open during sleep for individuals with sleep apnea. Insomnia, narcolepsy, and night terrors are different sleep disorders that require different treatment approaches.

Question 20

Shane,a straight-A student,remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test.According to Freud,Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream is the actual imagery and events that occur in the dream, as recounted by the dreamer. Shane's memory of dreaming he failed a chemistry test represents the manifest content of his dream.

Quiz 4: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind