Question 1

Verbal and spatial ability sex differences in both men and women may be related to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Verbal and spatial ability sex differences in...

Question 2

Assessing your own beliefs about intelligence, you would likely want to strive to change your beliefs so that you viewed your intelligence as _________.

Accepted Answer

Viewing intelligence as incremental means believing that it can be developed and improved through effort and learning, rather than being fixed and predetermined at birth. This growth mindset is associated with greater academic achievement and success in life. The other choices (A, C, D) are all associated with fixed mindsets and limitations on the potential for growth and improvement.

Question 3

Your textbook argues that racial differences in intelligence test scores are likely due to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your textbook argues that racial differences in...

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a verbal fluency task?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 5

Carmen is taking an advanced math test and she feels a burden of doubt because she knows the negative stereotypes about women's abilities in mathematics. This feeling has been labeled

Accepted Answer

Carmen's doubt is likely a result of stereotype threat, which is the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's social group. This phenomenon can lead individuals to perform worse on a task than they otherwise would due to the anxiety and pressure caused by the stereotype. Test anxiety (A) is a more general term that could apply to anyone feeling anxious about a test, while gender dissonance (B) is not a recognized term in this context. Gender bias (C) refers to systemic discrimination based on gender, but it is not the best fit for Carmen's immediate problem with the negative stereotypes about women in math.

Question 6

Stereotype threat refers to

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat refers to the fear that poor performance on an IQ test will confirm minority stereotypes.

Question 7

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence believe

Accepted Answer

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence believe that a person's intelligence is shaped by experience and effort, and that it can grow and develop over time. This is in contrast to those who hold a fixed mindset, believing that intelligence is innate and cannot be changed. The other options (A, C, and D) are not consistent with an incremental theory of intelligence.

Question 8

People who hold an entity theory of intelligence believe

Accepted Answer

People who hold an entity theory of intelligence believe that a person's intelligence is fixed and cannot be changed. This view does not believe that effort or experience can improve intelligence, as it is seen as an innate quality that cannot be altered.

Question 9

One of the difficulties with interpreting group-differences in intelligence, is that these studies are almost all

Accepted Answer

Most studies investigating group differences in intelligence are correlational in nature, meaning they are not experimental in design where variables can be manipulated and controlled.

Question 10

Which of the following is an environmental explanation for differences between male and female cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

Differences in social treatment, such as gender stereotypes and expectations, can influence cognitive development and performance.

Question 11

Which of the following supports the idea that women and men are equally capable of pursuing careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics?

Accepted Answer

This choice provides evidence that women and men are equally capable of pursuing careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics by showing that educational programs have led to equal gender distributions in behavioral and life sciences. This suggests that providing more opportunities and nurturing interest in these fields can help break down gender barriers and support equal representation for both women and men. The other choices do not support the idea that women and men are equally capable in these fields or provide evidence to the contrary.

Question 12

There is some evidence that women do better than average on tests of ______________, while men do better than women on tests of_______________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that, on average, women tend to perform better on tests of verbal fluency, which involve the ability to produce and understand language. Men, on the other hand, often outperform women on tests of visual-spatial manipulation, which assess the ability to visualize and manipulate objects in space.

Question 13

The difference between the intelligence scores of African Americans and Asian Americans has been estimated to be as high as ___ points.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there can be a difference of up to 15 points in intelligence scores between African Americans and Asian Americans, although these differences are influenced by a variety of factors including socio-economic and educational opportunities.

Question 14

Tang believes that everyone is born with a certain amount of intelligence that cannot change. When he is confronted with a difficult problem in math class that he cannot solve right away, he is likely to

Accepted Answer

Tang's belief that intelligence is fixed and cannot change (a fixed mindset) would likely lead him to give up when faced with a challenging problem, as he may believe that his inability to solve it immediately reflects his unchangeable level of intelligence.

Question 15

When Dweck and her colleagues taught _____________ views to a group of junior high students, they found that the group's grades _____________.

Accepted Answer

Dweck and her colleagues taught incremental views to a group of junior high students and found that the group's grades improved. This suggests that having an incremental view, which emphasizes the belief that abilities can be developed through hard work and dedication, can lead to improved academic performance. On the other hand, an entity view, which emphasizes the belief that abilities are fixed and cannot be changed, can lead to a lack of motivation and less effort put into academic tasks.

Question 16

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence tend to ______________ when faced with challenging academic problems.

Accepted Answer

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence believe that intelligence can be improved through effort and hard work. Therefore, when faced with challenging academic problems, they are more likely to be resilient and believe that they can improve their skills with effort and perseverance.

Question 17

A teacher finds that African American students are scoring lower on certain geography tests than European American and Asian American students. Which of the following would you recommend?

Accepted Answer

Option A (Provide students strategies to decrease physiological anxiety) can help students manage test-taking anxiety, which could be a factor contributing to their lower scores. Option B (Encourage incremental theory beliefs) can help students develop a growth mindset and believe that intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work and effort, leading to better performance in the future. Option C (Communicate to students that the test is not of their ability, but on how much they have learned) can help students understand that their performance on the test should not be a reflection of their innate abilities but their current level of knowledge. Therefore, all of these options can be helpful in addressing the issue of lower scores among African American students.

Question 18

Dis-identification can occur when

Accepted Answer

Dis-identification occurs when individuals detach their self-esteem from a domain where they experience failure or negative stereotypes, such as children thinking they are "dumb" after poor test performance.

Question 19

Regarding group racial differences in IQ scores, the authors of your textbook would agree with which statement?

Accepted Answer

The authors of the textbook would agree that although differences between ethnic and racial groups on standardized IQ tests may be demonstrated, the more likely factor in this difference is environmental. The authors would not agree with choices A, C, or D.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about incremental theories?

Accepted Answer

Incremental theories emphasize the idea that abilities can be developed through hard work and perseverance. This is a growth mindset, which has been shown to lead to better academic performance and greater resilience in the face of challenges. Importantly, research has found that children can be taught incremental views, suggesting that this perspective is malleable and can be intentionally fostered. Choices A and C are incorrect because they reflect misconceptions about incremental theories. And while choice B is partially correct, it misses the point that incremental theorists view intelligence as something that can be developed with effort and learning, rather than as a fixed attribute of the person.

Quiz 9: Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities