Question 1

According to the authors of your textbook, ______________ bias can lead researchers to interpret correlational data in a way that supports their preexisting beliefs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the authors of your textbook,...

Question 2

Crystallized intelligence is used to solve problems without relying on previous knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, skills, and abilities that are acquired through education and experience. It involves using prior knowledge to solve problems and make decisions. Fluid intelligence, on the other hand, involves the ability to think abstractly, reason, and solve problems without relying on prior knowledge.

Question 3

Charles Spearman used the letter g as an abbreviation for ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charles Spearman used the letter g as...

Question 4

Encephalization quotients are a better indicator of intelligence than brain size.

Accepted Answer

Encephalization quotient takes into account the size of an animal's brain relative to its body size, which gives a better indication of its cognitive abilities compared to just absolute brain size. Thus, encephalization quotient is considered a better indicator of intelligence.

Question 5

There is little scientific support for the idea that individuals have distinct learning styles.

Accepted Answer

While there are many different theories about learning styles, research has consistently failed to find evidence to support the idea that individuals have distinct learning styles. Instead, experts recommend that learners be exposed to a variety of teaching methods in order to promote the most effective learning outcomes.

Question 6

Most intelligence tests are normed so that the average (mean) IQ is ___________, with a standard deviation of ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most intelligence tests are normed so that...

Question 7

Scientists agree that a general intelligence underlies the specific abilities and talents measured by intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists agree that a general intelligence underlies...

Question 8

Some research suggests that gender differences in verbal fluency and visual-spatial cognitive ability are due to ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some research suggests that gender differences in...

Question 9

In healthy adults, _________________ does not decline very much in later adulthood, and may even increase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In healthy adults, _________________ does not decline...

Question 10

One way to determine how specific genes influence behavior is to breed mice that have had the gene removed from their genome. A research project using this technique is referred to as a _________________ study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One way to determine how specific genes...

Question 11

Children who hold a(n) _____________ theory of intelligence are more likely to give up in the face of highly challenging problems, than other children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children who hold a(n) _____________ theory of...

Question 12

Alfred Binet designed his famous test to measure innate intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet designed his test to identify students who may need extra help in school, and the test was intended to measure a child's potential for learning, not innate intelligence.

Question 13

Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence constitute Sternberg's theory of ______________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence constitute Sternberg's...

Question 14

Achievement tests and aptitude tests measure the same construct.

Accepted Answer

Achievement tests measure a person's level of knowledge or skill in a particular area, while aptitude tests measure a person's potential to learn or perform well in a certain area. They measure different constructs.

Question 15

As an African American, Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence. If he experiences stereotype threat while taking an intelligence test, it is likely that
A) Sanyu's self-conscious awareness of the stereotype may worsen his test performance.
B) Sanyu's test score will be unaffected but he will feel uncomfortable throughout the test.
C) Sanyu's awareness of the stereotype will motivate him to excel on the test.
D) Sanyu will return the test to the administrator completely blank.

Accepted Answer

Research on stereotype threat suggests that when a person is aware of a negative stereotype regarding their group, it can negatively impact their test performance. This is because the individual becomes self-conscious and anxious, and this distracts them from focusing on the task at hand. Therefore, Sanyu's self-conscious awareness of the negative stereotype regarding African Americans and intelligence is likely to worsen his test performance.

Question 16

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is the most commonly used intelligence test used on adolescents and adults.

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is indeed the most commonly used intelligence test for adolescents and adults.

Question 17

Marcus is only 8 years old. However, his score on the Stanford-Binet test is the same as the average 10 year old. Therefore, Marcus' ______________ is 10.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marcus is only 8 years old. However,...

Question 18

Oscar is an African American, and is aware of the fact that, on average, African Americans score lower on aptitude tests compared to European Americans. While taking an aptitude test, Oscar spends so much time worrying about this fact, that he has trouble concentrating on the test itself. It is likely that ______________ will cause Oscar to underperform on the test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Oscar is an African American, and is...

Question 19

Taylor is the only girl on her baseball team. Today she will be playing in the championship game and is worried that she will "choke" (not be able to play as well as she usually does) because she was told that girls always "choke" in the big games. What concept is being represented?
A) between-group heritability
B) confirmation bias
C) stereotype threat
D) test bias

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat is the concept being represented, which is the fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one's group that can affect performance. In this case, Taylor is worried that she will choke because she has been told that girls always choke in big games.

Question 20

A 10 year old child with a mental age of 9 would have an IQ of 90.

Accepted Answer

IQ is calculated as (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100, so (9 / 10) x 100 = 90.

Quiz 9: Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities