Question 1

The following is an important technical advancement in the study of the relationship between the brain and behaviour:

Accepted Answer

fMRI is a technique used to measure brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. It can identify which areas of the brain are active during certain tasks or behaviours, giving insight into the relationship between the brain and behaviour. Cellular recording devices can also provide information about brain activity, but are more invasive and typically used for research purposes rather than clinical applications. Computerized dynamic posturography is a test used to assess balance and mobility issues and does not directly measure brain activity. X-rays are a type of imaging, but they are not used to study brain function or behaviour.

Question 2

In many eyewitness studies,researchers carefully observe the "victim's" behaviour under various conditions.The presence of a weapon appears to decrease eyewitness accuracy in identifying the perpetrator.To test whether or not this is true,researchers re-enact a robbery both with and without a gun.People viewing the robbery where a gun was used were far less accurate in their description of the robber.This knowledge has been used in courtroom cases,often discrediting eyewitness testimony.In this case,the idea that the presence of a weapon decreases eyewitness accuracy,corresponds to which of the basic goals of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The goal of prediction in psychology involves anticipating how certain conditions or variables, such as the presence of a weapon, can influence behavior or outcomes, like eyewitness accuracy.

Question 3

Charles Whitman was a mass murderer with no previous history of violence.In an attempt to understand Whitman's actions,psychologists used the following three levels of analysis:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charles Whitman was a mass murderer with...

Question 4

When Franz and Lashley removed most of a rat's cortex they found that:

Accepted Answer

Franz and Lashley found that the rat had no problem functioning after most of its cortex was removed. This suggests that the cortex may not be as crucial for basic functioning as previously thought.

Question 5

Early studies on brain mechanisms in in biological psychology were conducted by Franz and Lashley.When studying animals,Franz and Lashley detected a ________________ correlation between loss of cortex and loss of function.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early studies on brain mechanisms in in...

Question 6

Charles Whitman was a mass murderer with no previous history of violence.In an attempt to explain the violent behaviour of Charles Whitman,some psychologists focused on the potentially important role of Whitman's unusual and irrational thoughts.These psychologists were attempting to explain Whitman's behaviour in terms of which level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

The psychologists were attempting to explain Whitman's behaviour in terms of his psychological level of analysis, specifically his unusual and irrational thoughts.

Question 7

In the Jumbled-Word Challenge example in the textbook,the claim is made that the research was conducted at Cambridge but no reference information is provided.This is an illustration of which thinking critically step offered in evaluating the research?

Accepted Answer

The question is asking about evaluating the research and determining the reliability of the claim. This falls under the step of "What's the evidence and how good is it?" as it is important to consider the source and quality of the evidence before accepting it as valid.

Question 8

The statement,"answers to the great questions of psychology will ultimately be found in 'physiology' All behaviour,all experience,all feeling,indeed all the subject matter of psychology,are nothing more than the outcomes of the activity of the nervous system" is most consistent with the following view:

Accepted Answer

The statement supports the view of monism, which suggests that the mind and body are unified and that psychological phenomena can ultimately be explained by physiological processes. Dualism would suggest that the mind and body are separate entities, while functionalism and structuralism focus more on the study of mental processes and the organization of consciousness rather than their connection to physiology.

Question 9

A central belief of the dualism position is that it suggests:

Accepted Answer

Dualism holds that the mind and body are two separate entities, with the mind being non-physical and the body being physical. Therefore, studying the body won't tell us anything about the mind according to the dualism position.

Question 10

Early researchers in psychology who believed that the mind could be studied by breaking it down into its basic components as a chemist might break down a complex chemical compound followed which school of thought?

Accepted Answer

Early researchers in psychology who believed that the mind could be studied by breaking it down into its basic components followed the school of thought known as structuralism.

Question 11

In the 1960s,psychologists conducted a study at a summer camp for 11-year old boys.Researchers in the Robbers Cave experiment altered the conditions so that they were able to both increase group hostility (with competition)and decrease group hostility (with cooperation).Through altering these conditions,the psychologists were demonstrating this goal of psychology:

Accepted Answer

The goal of psychology that is demonstrated by the Robbers Cave experiment is control. The researchers were intentionally altering the conditions in order to manipulate the boys' behavior and achieve a specific outcome, which is an example of using psychology to exert control over a situation.

Question 12

Industrial-organizational psychology would be an example of what type of research?

Accepted Answer

Industrial-organizational psychology is a field that applies psychological principles and theories to organizations and the workplace. Therefore, it is an example of applied research, which focuses on solving practical problems in real-world settings.

Question 13

When considering the mind-body problem,some philosophers argue that the mind is a separate entity from the body and is not subject to the same physical laws as the body.These individuals would belong to which philosophical position?

Accepted Answer

Dualism is the philosophical position that the mind and body are separate entities and have different characteristics. This is in contrast to monism, which holds that the mind and body are one entity and cannot be separated. Structuralism and functionalism are theories within psychology, and while they may have implications for the mind-body problem, they are not philosophical positions in and of themselves.

Question 14

In the 1960s,psychologists conducted a study at a summer camp for 11-year old boys.These researchers in the "Robbers Cave" experiment thought that if they created conditions in which the two groups of boys had to cooperate,then there would be less hostility between the groups.The "Robbers Cave" study showed that conflict between groups could be decreased by making the groups dependent upon one another to cooperate.This finding is an illustration of which goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the 1960s,psychologists conducted a study at...

Question 15

Charles Whitman was a mass murderer with no previous history of violence.In an attempt to explain his violent behaviour,a psychologist points to Whitman's recent stressful life events and to the way that violence is often reinforced and glorified in today's society.This psychologist's explanation is most compatible with which level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

The psychologist's explanation focuses on environmental factors, such as stressful life events and societal messages about violence. This is consistent with the environmental level of analysis.

Question 16

Monism is a belief that:

Accepted Answer

Monism is the belief that the mental events are a product of physical events in the brain, meaning that the mind and body are one and the same. This contrasts with dualism, which argues that the mind and body are separate entities. Monists believe that the mind cannot exist without the physical brain and that all mental processes can be explained by physical processes in the brain.

Question 17

When considering the mind-body problem,ancient philosophers who argued that the mind is not separate from the body belonged to which philosophical position?

Accepted Answer

Monism is the philosophical position that everything in the universe is ultimately of one substance or essence. Within this view, the mind and body are not separate entities, but rather part of a unified whole. Ancient philosophers who argued that the mind is not separate from the body, such as the Stoics and Epicureans, belonged to the monist tradition. Dualism, on the other hand, posits that the mind and body are distinct substances. Structuralism and functionalism are psychological theories that focus on how mental processes and behavior function.

Question 18

Charles Whitman was a mass murderer with no previous history of violence.After Charles Whitman committed several murders and suicide,an autopsy revealed that he had a malignant tumour in an area of the brain associated with aggression.Psychologists who cite this fact in an attempt to explain what happened are focused on which level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

The fact that Charles Whitman had a malignant tumor in an area of the brain associated with aggression indicates a biological explanation for his violent behavior.

Question 19

British empiricism could be considered as an example of:

Accepted Answer

British empiricism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of experience and sensory observation in the formation of knowledge. This perspective is associated with monism, which posits that everything in the universe can be reduced to one fundamental substance or principle. In contrast, dualism suggests that there are two distinct types of substances or entities in the world, such as mind and body. Functionalism and structuralism are psychological approaches that focus on the functions and structures of mental processes, respectively, rather than on metaphysical principles.

Question 20

The method of introspection was developed by which school of thought?

Accepted Answer

The method of introspection was primarily developed by the structuralist school of thought in psychology, which emerged in the late 19th century. Proponents of structuralism aimed to dissect the basic elements or structures of conscious experience through introspection, which involves looking inward and examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and sensations.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour