Question 1

Persistent depressive disorder is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Persistent depressive disorder, also known as dysthymia, is characterized by a mildly depressed mood that lasts for at least two years. It may also include symptoms such as low self-esteem, poor concentration, feelings of hopelessness, and poor sleep or appetite. It differs from major depressive disorder in that the symptoms are less severe, but they are also more persistent.

Question 2

A disorder in which an individual is overexcited,hyperactive,and wildly optimistic is known as

Accepted Answer

Mania is a disorder where an individual experiences overexcitement, hyperactivity, and wild optimism. Paranoia involves unfounded feelings of persecution or suspicion. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by frequent and severe temper outbursts. Agoraphobia involves a fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing.

Question 3

A seasonal pattern of symptoms is most likely to be a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Seasonal pattern of symptoms, particularly depressive symptoms, is a characteristic of Seasonal Affective Disorder, which falls under the umbrella of depression. Learned helplessness is a theoretical construct that is associated with depression, but is not a diagnostic category itself. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that involves positive symptoms (e.g. hallucinations, delusions) and negative symptoms (e.g. flattened affect, social withdrawal), but not specifically a seasonal pattern of symptoms. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, and perception, but not specifically a seasonal pattern of symptoms.

Question 4

After Brian loses his third job in a year,his wife tells him that she wants a divorce.Brian becomes deeply discouraged,demonstrates a loss of self-esteem,and has no energy to find a job or leave his house.He sleeps several hours a day and eats very little.Brian is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Brian is demonstrating symptoms of major depressive disorder, including loss of self-esteem, lack of energy, changes in sleep and appetite patterns, and a significant life stressor (losing his job and his wife's request for a divorce).

Question 5

The DSM-5 identifies a loss of interest in formerly enjoyable activities and a decrease in one's natural ability to make decisions as symptoms of

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 identifies a loss of interest in formerly enjoyable activities as well as a decrease in one's ability to make decisions as two of the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by obsessions and compulsions that interfere with daily activities, but not necessarily a loss of interest in enjoyable activities or a decrease in decision-making abilities. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and can include aggressive behavior, but again, not necessarily a loss of interest in enjoyable activities or a decrease in decision-making abilities. Panic disorder is characterized by the experience of panic attacks and an ongoing fear of future panic attacks, but not specifically a loss of interest in activities or decreased decision-making abilities.

Question 6

Training young people in drug refusal skills is a tactic that is most clearly designed to "inoculate" them against

Accepted Answer

Training young people in drug refusal skills is intended to provide them with the ability to resist peer pressure to experiment with drugs.

Question 7

A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Accepted Answer

Feelings of personal worthlessness are a common symptom of major depressive disorder, as individuals may experience intense sadness or hopelessness, feelings of guilt or shame, and a loss of interest in activities they previously enjoyed. A seasonal pattern of symptoms may indicate seasonal affective disorder, while alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism may be indicative of bipolar disorder. A persistent irrational fear of other people would suggest a specific phobia or social anxiety disorder rather than major depressive disorder.

Question 8

Distress most of the time over a two-week period because of fatigue or loss of energy is most likely associated with

Accepted Answer

Fatigue or loss of energy lasting most of the day, nearly every day, is a characteristic symptom of major depressive disorder. Mania is associated with increased energy, while bipolar disorder involves both manic and depressive episodes. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by severe and frequent temper outbursts, rather than fatigue or loss of energy.

Question 9

In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression (lethargic hopelessness) alternated with episodes of hypomania or mania (wild overexcitement). The other disorders listed do not have this alternating pattern of mood states.

Question 10

In people with major depressive disorder,interest in activities is ________ and agitation may be ________.

Accepted Answer

In people with major depressive disorder, interest in activities is often reduced and agitation may be increased. This is because depression is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable, which is often accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and guilt. At the same time, individuals with depression may experience restlessness or irritability, which can manifest as agitation. Therefore, option C ("reduced; increased") is the best choice.

Question 11

The experience of depression ________ risk taking and ________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The experience of depression ________ risk taking...

Question 12

U.S.sixth graders ________ their friends' use of marijuana,and university students ________ their fellow students' enthusiasm for alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The answer of U.S.sixth graders ________ their friends' use of...

Question 13

For the last month,Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning.She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable.Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Gabrielle is exhibiting symptoms of major depressive disorder, including lethargy, withdrawal from social activities, feelings of worthlessness, and hopelessness. Agoraphobia is characterized by a fear of leaving one's home or a safe place, while PTSD is typically associated with anxiety, hyperarousal, intrusive memories, and avoidance behaviors. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is typically diagnosed in children and involves chronic irritability, angry outbursts, and temperamental dysregulation.

Question 14

At different seasons of the year,one survey asked Americans "Have you cried today?" The percentage who said "yes" was highest in

Accepted Answer

The survey asked Americans if they had cried "today," suggesting a more recent emotional event. Winter may be a time when people spend more time indoors, possibly leading to more introspection and emotional processing. Additionally, the holiday season during winter may bring up feelings of nostalgia or loss for some individuals. Therefore, it is more likely that a higher percentage of Americans would have cried in winter compared to other seasons.

Question 15

The number-one reason people seek mental health services is

Accepted Answer

Depression is the most common mental health issue and the number-one reason people seek mental health services. It affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to serious health and social problems if left untreated. While disorders like bipolar disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, and schizophrenia also require mental health services, they are not as prevalent as depression.

Question 16

Carla has worked as a human resources specialist for several years,but she doesn't really like the job simply because she almost always feels slightly down and sad.Her symptoms are most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Carla's symptoms of feeling slightly down and sad for several years are characteristic of persistent depressive disorder, which involves a chronic form of depression with less severe symptoms than major depressive disorder.

Question 17

Professor Pott emphasizes that normal depression serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in life-threatening behaviors.The professor's emphasis best illustrates a(n)________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The professor's emphasis on depression serving an adaptive function and its potential role in preventing life-threatening behaviors reflects an evolutionary perspective. This perspective looks at how certain traits or behaviors may have evolved to help individuals survive and adapt to their environments.

Question 18

Sixteen-year-old Bethany is becoming increasingly concerned about her use of marijuana on weekends.To reduce her use of this drug Bethany should

Accepted Answer

The best choice for Bethany is to stop associating with friends who use marijuana. Peer pressure is a strong influence on drug use and by distancing herself from friends who use marijuana, she may be able to reduce her own use. The other choices are either incorrect or not helpful in reducing her use of marijuana.

Question 19

Angie is suffering from major depressive disorder.Compared with people who are not depressed,Angie may experience which one of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Repetitive thinking of death or suicide is a common symptom of major depressive disorder. People with depression often have negative thoughts and feelings of hopelessness, which can lead them to contemplate suicide. The other options are not typical symptoms of depression. A depressed person may have difficulty thinking, concentrating, and making decisions, and they may experience panic attacks, but these are not unique to depression and may be seen in other conditions. Manic episodes are more indicative of bipolar disorder than major depressive disorder.

Question 20

Severe,debilitating depression is to ________ as chronic,low-grade depression is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorder is characterized by severe and debilitating depression, while persistent depressive disorder (formerly known as dysthymia) is a chronic but less severe form of depression. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it correctly matches the two forms of depression with their respective severity levels. Option B is incorrect because disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a separate diagnosis and not a form of depression. Option A is incorrect because mania is a symptom of bipolar disorder, which is not related to chronic low-grade depression. Option D is incorrect because bipolar disorder involves episodes of depression and mania, which is not the same as chronic low-grade depression.

Quiz 13: Psychological Disorders