Question 1

Dr.Garcia emphasizes that psychological disorders result from the interactive influences of individual genes,mood-related perceptions,and cultural definitions of normality and disorder.The doctor's emphasis best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The doctor's emphasis on the interactive influences of individual genes, mood-related perceptions, and cultural definitions of normality and disorder is best aligned with the biopsychosocial approach, which takes into account biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding psychological disorders. The cognitive perspective focuses on thoughts and perceptions as the main contributor to psychopathology, the medical model emphasizes biological factors as the main cause of psychological disorders, and the DSM-5 is a diagnostic tool used to classify and diagnose psychological disorders.

Question 2

Epigenetics is the study of environmental influences on

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics is concerned with changes in gene expression, such as the turning on or off of genes, due to environmental factors. It involves modifications to the DNA molecule that do not change the underlying genetic code, but can have a profound impact on how genes are expressed or regulated. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 3

ADHD is most clearly characterized by

Accepted Answer

ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Distractibility is a common symptom experienced by individuals with ADHD. Delusions, hallucinations, and violent behavior are not typically associated with ADHD.

Question 4

Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by

Accepted Answer

Today's psychologists generally believe that disordered behavior is influenced by a combination of social circumstances, inner psychological dynamics, genetic predispositions, and physiological states. Such a view recognizes the complexity of human behavior and the multiple factors that can lead to mental health problems.

Question 5

Mental health workers would be likely to identify alcohol misuse as a psychological disorder because it is

Accepted Answer

Mental health workers would identify alcohol misuse as a psychological disorder because it is personally dysfunctional, meaning that the individual's behavior is causing harm to themselves and impairing their ability to function in their daily life.

Question 6

In discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures,we are providing evidence for

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in shaping behavior and mental processes. Discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures highlights the important role of sociocultural factors in the development and expression of mental health problems. This approach considers a broad range of influences that contribute to psychological disorders, which goes beyond the medical model (which focuses mainly on biological factors) and DSM-5 (which focuses on classification rather than etiology). Epigenetics, while relevant in understanding biological factors in mental health, does not fully encompass sociocultural influences.

Question 7

Which of the following disorders most clearly occurs worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Depression is a mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is estimated that over 264 million people suffer from depression globally. Dissociative Identity Disorder, Susto, and Bulimia Nervosa are more rare disorders that are not as widespread.

Question 8

Mira claims that alcohol use disorder is a disease that,like pneumonia,can be cured or prevented with proper treatment.Her belief is most clearly consistent with

Accepted Answer

Mira's belief that alcohol use disorder can be cured or prevented with proper treatment is consistent with the medical model, which views mental disorders as medical diseases that can be diagnosed and cured with medical treatment. This approach emphasizes the importance of identifying the underlying biological causes of the disorder and treating it with medication or other medical interventions.

Question 9

Maria has had the symptoms of bulimia nervosa since her teens.In which country is Maria LEAST likely to live?

Accepted Answer

Bulimia nervosa is more prevalent in Western countries like the United States, Canada, and England, where there is a higher focus on body image and dieting. It is less common in India, where cultural attitudes towards body image and eating disorders differ.

Question 10

Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)was the first to promote _______ for psychological disorders,instead of the brutal treatments used during his time.

Accepted Answer

Philippe Pinel was known for promoting "moral treatment" for psychological disorders, which emphasized kindness, compassion, and humane care instead of physical restraints and other brutal treatments that were common during his time. This approach was a significant shift in the treatment of mental illness and helped paved the way for more modern approaches to psychotherapy. Option B is incorrect because the biopsychosocial approach was not developed until much later by George Engel in the 1970s. Options C and D are also incorrect because they are not related to Pinel's contributions to the field of psychology.

Question 11

Which of the following medications is most frequently prescribed for the treatment of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Adderall is the most frequently prescribed medication for the treatment of ADHD. Prozac, Ativan, and Xanax are not typically prescribed for ADHD, as they are used to treat other conditions such as depression or anxiety.

Question 12

Whether energetic children who have difficulty sitting quietly for long hours in school too frequently receive a diagnosis of _______ has been a controversial issue.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "energetic children who have difficulty sitting quietly for long hours in school" suggests symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity, which are typically associated with ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). The other options (DSM, OCD, PTSD) do not fit the given context.

Question 13

Supporters of today's increasing diagnosis of ADHD have noted that

Accepted Answer

While options A, C, and D may all be debated, the consensus among medical professionals is that ADHD is a real neurobiological disorder. Its diagnosis has been increasing due to a greater understanding of the disorder, as well as improved methods of detection and assessment.

Question 14

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as

Accepted Answer

The medical model views psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses, with symptoms that can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured through therapy, medication, or other medical interventions.

Question 15

Juan immigrated to the United States from a small village in Colombia.Since then Juan has become extremely anxious and restless.Juan believes these symptoms are a result of someone from his old village using black magic against him.Juan is likely to say that he is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Susto is a culture-bound syndrome in some Latin American cultures that involves feelings of anxiety, restlessness, and fear as a result of spiritual and/or supernatural causes such as witchcraft or curses.

Question 16

A biopsychosocial approach to a substance use disorder would be most likely to emphasize

Accepted Answer

A biopsychosocial approach takes into account the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to a substance use disorder. This approach recognizes that the development and maintenance of substance use disorders are influenced by biological factors (such as genetics and neurochemistry), psychological factors (such as personality traits and mental health issues), and social factors (such as family dynamics and cultural norms). Therefore, the interactive influences of nature and nurture on substance abuse would be emphasized. Choices A and B do not encompass all aspects of a biopsychosocial approach, while choice D is not accurate as substance use disorders are recognized as psychological disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Question 17

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat during ongoing class activities because he is distracted by the sound of outside traffic.Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Matt's behavior is consistent with the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which can include impulsiveness, restlessness, and difficulty focusing or staying on task. None of the other disorders listed are as closely associated with these particular symptoms.

Question 18

Individuals are most likely to be diagnosed with ADHD between the ages of

Accepted Answer

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically presents symptoms before the age of 12. The peak age of diagnosis is between 4 and 17 years old, with symptoms often first appearing in preschool or early elementary school. While it is possible for adults to receive an ADHD diagnosis, it is less common than in childhood.

Question 19

Researchers have attributed the development of ADHD to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have attributed the development of ADHD...

Question 20

To call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting the

Accepted Answer

The term "sickness" implies a medical perspective or model, which suggests that psychological disorders are caused by biological factors and can be treated with medical interventions such as medication. This view encourages research that supports the medical model and the development of treatments that target biological factors.

Quiz 13: Psychological Disorders