Question 1

________ is a negative attitude,whereas ________ is a negative behavior.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is a negative attitude, which is a preconceived notion or belief about a particular group or individual. Discrimination, on the other hand, is a negative behavior where someone is treated unfairly based on their membership in a particular group. Therefore, option D correctly pairs the negative attitude (prejudice) with the negative behavior (discrimination).

Question 2

People who are overweight:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that overweight individuals face significant discrimination in employment settings, such as being passed over for promotions and job offers. This discrimination can also extend to other areas such as education and healthcare. While overweight individuals may not face the same level of discrimination as some minority racial groups, it is still a significant issue that can have negative effects on their lives. Choices A, C, and D are all incorrect as they do not reflect the reality of the experiences of overweight individuals.

Question 3

Prejudice is different from discrimination in that prejudice is a negative:

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is a negative attitude or belief about a certain group of people, while discrimination refers to negative behavior or actions resulting from that prejudice.

Question 4

A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A stereotype is a belief or assumption about a group of people based on their shared characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or nationality. Stereotypes can be positive, negative or neutral and are often based on incomplete, inaccurate or outdated information.

Question 5

If word-of-mouth hiring practices in an all-White business have the effect of excluding potential non-White employees,the practice could be called:

Accepted Answer

Word-of-mouth hiring practices that exclude potential non-White employees could be seen as discriminatory and perpetuating systemic racism.

Question 6

In making its historic 1954 decision declaring segregated schools unconstitutional,the Supreme Court found it noteworthy that when the Clarks gave African American children a choice between Black dolls and White dolls,most:

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court found it noteworthy that most African American children chose the White dolls, which was interpreted as evidence of internalized racism and a sense of inferiority fostered by segregation, influencing the decision in Brown v. Board of Education.

Question 7

Recent research confirms that prejudiced and stereotyped evaluations:

Accepted Answer

Recent research has confirmed that prejudiced and stereotyped evaluations can occur outside one's conscious awareness, showing that implicit biases can influence our thoughts and behaviors even if we do not consciously endorse them.

Question 8

According to Lyons et al.(2010),since the Iraq war,Americans with a strong national identity expressed the most disdain for:

Accepted Answer

Lyons et al. (2010) found that Americans with a strong national identity displayed the most hostility towards Arab immigrants, likely due to negative associations with the Iraq war and perceived threats to national security. There is no mention of Turks, Orthodox Christians, or Jews in relation to national identity and disdain in the study.

Question 9

Identify a region in the brain that underlies fear and aggression and facilitates such automatic responding.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a region in the brain that plays a key role in the mediation and regulation of fear and aggression, as well as other emotional responses. It is involved in the automatic processing of emotional stimuli and can facilitate automatic responding to potential threats or dangers.

Question 10

Attitudes include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Attitudes do not necessarily involve actual behaviors, but rather the predisposition or inclination to act in a certain way. They can influence behavior, but they are not the same as behavior itself. The other options - effects, inclinations to act, and cognitions - are all components of attitudes.

Question 11

Greenwald and his colleagues (2003)asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight.The results of this study showed that the participants more often misperceived the object and mistakenly shot harmless targets who were Black.This shows that:

Accepted Answer

The study shows that automatic, implicit prejudice exists, as the participants were more likely to misperceive harmless objects as guns and shoot Black targets. This suggests that their implicit associations between Blackness and threat or danger influenced their behavior without conscious awareness or intentional bias. It also implies that awareness of one's explicit attitudes may not be sufficient to prevent such discriminatory behavior.

Question 12

Although Marcia says she is not prejudiced against Blacks,she votes against interviewing a job applicant with an African name.She is most likely exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

Marcia's behavior is an example of modern racism, which refers to subtle forms of prejudice that coexist with the rejection of racist beliefs. Voting against interviewing a job applicant simply because they have an African name, despite claiming not to be prejudiced, is indicative of this form of racism.

Question 13

A state police force has set a height requirement of 5 feet 10 inches for all officers.This requirement is irrelevant to job effectiveness but generally excludes Hispanics and Asians from the force.Such a requirement most clearly reflects:

Accepted Answer

The height requirement serves as a proxy for discrimination against specific racial groups, in this case, Hispanics and Asians. It is not a necessary or relevant job requirement and creates systematic barriers for certain groups.

Question 14

In the context of the motivational sources of prejudice,which of the following theories states that people shield themselves from the threat of their own death by derogating those whose challenges to their worldviews further arouse their anxiety?

Accepted Answer

This is a clear description of terror management theory, which posits that people use prejudice and discrimination as a means of managing the anxiety associated with their own mortality.

Question 15

In the context of prejudice,which of the following illustrates stereotyping?

Accepted Answer

Option B illustrates stereotyping because Seán is making a generalization about all Blacks being good at sports, based on Angel being from Africa. This stereotype ignores individual differences and assumes that all members of a particular group have the same abilities or characteristics.

Question 16

Jay believes that all Muslims are violent extremists.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Jay's statement reflects a stereotype, as it is a generalized belief about a group of people that is not based on individual characteristics or behaviors, but rather on preconceived notions or biases.

Question 17

Mr.Watson's belief that Blacks are lazy is an example of ________.His refusal to rent an apartment to a Black family is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Watson's belief that Blacks are lazy is an example of a stereotype, which is a generalized belief about a group of people. His refusal to rent an apartment to a Black family is an example of discrimination, which is an action based on prejudices or stereotypes.

Question 18

A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A preconceived negative judgment of a group...

Question 19

An institutional practice that subordinates people of a given gender is called:

Accepted Answer

Sexism refers to an institutional practice of discrimination or subordination based on a person's gender. It can occur in various forms, including limiting opportunities for women, stereotyping them, or treating them unfairly based on their gender. Sadism refers to a personality trait characterized by a tendency to derive pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others. Racism refers to an institutional practice of discrimination based on a person's race, often resulting in unequal opportunities or negative treatment. Linguicism refers to discrimination based on a person's language or dialect.

Question 20

In the context of prejudice,which of the following exemplifies discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is the act of treating a person or group of people unfairly or differently based on their membership in a particular group. Refusing to share a room with someone from a minority population is an example of discrimination. Choices A, C, and D do not involve discrimination.

Quiz 9: Prejudice: Disliking Others

is a negative attitude,whereas is a negative behavior.