Question 1

Jessica conducts a two-day soft skills training workshop for management students.When going through the details of the students,she notices that they belong to diverse cultural and ethnic groups.In order to avoid appearing subtly prejudiced when conducting the session,Jessica should ________.

Accepted Answer

Admiring immigrant minorities can help Jessica acknowledge and appreciate the diversity in the group without appearing prejudiced. It shows respect and recognition of their unique contributions.

Question 2

Vince and Wanda are both members of their school's band.Vince plays the tuba,and Wanda plays the flute.Vince believes that the brass section is the strength of their band,whereas Wanda believes that the woodwind section is the most important part of their band.Vince and Wanda's beliefs are best explained in terms of:

Accepted Answer

Vince and Wanda's beliefs reflect their ingroup biases, as they prioritize the importance of the sections they belong to in the band. While both sections are necessary for the band's success, they may be biased towards their own section due to identification with their group.

Question 3

Which of the following characterizes an ethnocentric individual?

Accepted Answer

An ethnocentric individual is someone who believes that their own culture or ethnic group is superior to others. This often leads to an intolerance for weakness or deviation from their specific cultural norms. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 4

In the context of the motivational sources of prejudice,when two groups compete for jobs,housing,or social prestige,one group's goal fulfillment can become the other group's frustration.This concept is stated by ________.

Accepted Answer

The concept described in the question relates to the realistic group conflict theory, which explains how intergroup competition and conflict arise over limited resources, leading to prejudice and discrimination. The theory suggests that when groups are in competition for resources like jobs, housing, or social status, the success of one group can lead to frustration and hostility among the other group, contributing to the development of prejudice.

Question 5

According to Kaplan et al.(1993),people find it especially easy and efficient to rely on stereotypes when ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Kaplan et al.(1993), people find it easy and efficient to rely on stereotypes when they are pressed for time.

Question 6

Samkelo is the only Black employee in his workplace.Though he is competent,his White colleagues as well as his boss consider him dull and incapable of good performance.Samkelo is anxious and under tremendous pressure.Consequently,he is unable to meet his target and his productivity is low.In the context of psychology,Samkelo seems to have responded to ________.

Accepted Answer

Samkelo seems to be experiencing stereotype threat, which is the anxiety and pressure that individuals from stigmatized groups feel when they are aware of negative stereotypes about their group. In Samkelo's case, he may feel pressure to perform well in order to try and disprove the negative stereotype that Black people are not competent in the workplace. This anxiety and pressure can lead to a decrease in productivity and a difficulty in meeting targets.

Question 7

Stereotype threat explains why:

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat refers to the apprehension experienced by individuals who believe that their performances in a given domain might confirm negative stereotypes about their group. This apprehension impacts their performance, leading them to perform poorly.

Question 8

Bill is often described as judgmental,ethnocentric,and punitive.He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others.Which of the following statements is likely to be true of Bill?

Accepted Answer

Bill's belief in strict obedience to authority and intolerance of weakness in others are key characteristics of individuals with an authoritarian personality. This type of personality is characterized by a strong belief in hierarchical power structures and a desire for strict adherence to rules and regulations. It is not necessarily indicative of antisocial personality disorder or social identity disorder, and there is no information about his levels of agreeableness or neurosis given in the question.

Question 9

People redirect their hostility when the cause of their frustration is intimidating or unknown.This phenomenon is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Scapegoating is when individuals redirect their frustration or anger towards a target that is less threatening or more easily identifiable. This can be a person, group or thing that is blamed for the individual's problems, even though they may not be responsible.

Question 10

Daniel does not get the desired salary hike during his annual appraisal.He is disheartened and feels frustrated but is unable to question his manager.Instead,when he returns home,he shouts at his son for playing video games.In the context of the motivational sources of prejudice,this scenario exemplifies ________.

Accepted Answer

The scenario exemplifies scapegoating, which is a motivational source of prejudice that involves blaming undeserving individuals or groups for one's own frustrations or failures. In this case, Daniel is blaming his son for his own disappointment at work, which is unrelated to his son's actions.

Question 11

In the context of the social sources of prejudice,those high in social dominance orientation tend to view people in terms of ________.

Accepted Answer

People high in social dominance orientation tend to view the world in terms of hierarchies, meaning they see some groups as superior and others as inferior, based on factors such as race, gender, or social class. This can lead to prejudice and discrimination against those deemed lower in the hierarchy.

Question 12

Ida is the captain of her school's soccer team.She believes that the members of her team are more diverse in terms of skill,experience,and possessing game strategies than the members of the rival soccer team.She perceives the rival team members to be alike in all aspects.In the context of the cognitive sources of prejudice,this scenario illustrates ________.

Accepted Answer

The scenario illustrates the outgroup homogeneity effect, which refers to the tendency to perceive members of a outgroup as more similar to each other than members of one's ingroup, leading to oversimplified and biased judgments about outgroup members. Ida perceives the rival soccer team members as alike in all aspects, which is an example of outgroup homogeneity. The other options (A) overjustification effect, (C) bystander effect, and (D) continued influence effect are not relevant to the scenario described.

Question 13

Beth believes that all sorority members are unintelligent and self-centered.After meeting Kim,who has a 4.0 GPA and volunteers 20 hours each week to help disabled children,Beth says "Well,Kim is an exception to the rule." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of subtyping, as Beth is acknowledging that Kim does not fit her stereotype of sorority members, and instead creates a separate subtype for her as an exception to her belief.

Question 14

Kevin has just met Fred,a White American teenage boy.Kevin assumes that Fred cannot be a good basketball player because "White men cannot jump." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of stereotyping, as Kevin is assuming that all White American men cannot jump and therefore cannot be good basketball players based solely on their race.

Question 15

Jason assumes that women are good cooks.However,his friend is a successful entrepreneur and hardly knows cooking.Jason reasons that his friend is an exception to the rule and her hectic schedule does not permit her to learn cooking.In the context of prejudice,this scenario exemplifies ________.

Accepted Answer

The scenario exemplifies subtyping, as Jason includes his friend as an exception to the stereotypical belief that women are good cooks. This is a way of maintaining the belief while acknowledging that there are some who don't fit the stereotype.

Question 16

Albert sees a lot of difference between his fraternity brothers but thinks that all sorority girls are the same.Albert's beliefs are best explained by:

Accepted Answer

The outgroup homogeneity effect is the tendency to see members of an outgroup as more similar and less diverse than members of one's ingroup. This is likely what is happening with Albert's perception of sorority girls.

Question 17

Which of the following actions constitutes subtle prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Subtle prejudice often involves actions that are not overtly hostile but still perpetuate stereotypes or biases, such as exaggerating ethnic differences.

Question 18

According to Jäckle and Wenzelburger (2015),anti-gay attitudes worldwide are strongest among those who are ________.

Accepted Answer

Jäckle and Wenzelburger (2015) found that anti-gay attitudes worldwide are strongest among males.

Question 19

Mr.Wong,a high school teacher,tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and,thus,give better speeches than girls.Consequently,the girls in his class become apprehensive when preparing and giving speeches in his class.The girls are reacting to:

Accepted Answer

The girls in the class are likely experiencing stereotype threat, which is the fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one's group. In this case, the stereotype is that girls are more anxious and give worse speeches than boys, and Mr. Wong's comments may have reinforced this belief. The girls' apprehension about giving speeches could be due to their concern about being seen as confirming this stereotype.

Question 20

Which statement illustrates discrimination?

Accepted Answer

This statement clearly indicates discrimination based on gender. The person is refusing to hire a qualified candidate purely because of their gender.

Quiz 9: Prejudice: Disliking Others