Question 1

The x-ray of a client shows kyphosis with collapse of the intervertebral discs.Which changes would a nurse anticipate in this client?

Accepted Answer

Kyphosis with collapse of the intervertebral discs can lead to a decrease in the vertical height of the thoracic cavity, resulting in an increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest. This may cause respiratory compromise, but it does not necessarily lead to increased stiffness of the chest wall, decreased strength of respiratory muscles, or less oxygen diffusion into the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 2

While reviewing the prescription of an older client with dementia,a nurse finds that the client is on carbidopa/levodopa.Which type of dementia does the nurse suspect in this client?

Accepted Answer

Carbidopa/levodopa is primarily used to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, it can also be used to treat some of the motor symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies, which is a type of dementia that shares some similarities with Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the nurse may suspect that this client has dementia with Lewy bodies.

Question 3

An older client who is on medications for hypertension has ankle edema and reflux esophagitis.Which medication in the client's report does the nurse expect to be replaced?

Accepted Answer

Calcium channel blockers can cause peripheral edema as a side effect, which could explain the client's ankle edema. They are not typically associated with causing or worsening reflux esophagitis, but due to the edema, they might be considered for replacement. Diuretics are often used to manage hypertension and could help reduce edema, not cause it. ACE inhibitors are also used for hypertension and are not commonly associated with causing edema.

Question 4

While reviewing the case file of an older client,a nurse finds that the client's vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is untreated.Which change in the nervous system does the nurse suspect to cause gait instability and paresthesias in the client?

Accepted Answer

Gait instability and paresthesias are symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, which can result from demyelination of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause this demyelination, leading to nerve damage and neurological symptoms. Degeneration of neurons, lack of acetylcholine in the hippocampus lobe, and abnormalities in the basal ganglia of the midbrain are not typically associated with vitamin B12 deficiency or the symptoms described.

Question 5

A nurse observes that an older client with dementia demonstrates antisocial behavior and loss of social skills.Which therapy would the nurse most likely find in the client's prescription?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse observes that an older client...

Question 6

What is multicausality?

Accepted Answer

Multicausality is the idea that there are multiple causes or factors that contribute to a particular outcome. In the case of aging, it is not just one internal process or one environmental influence, but rather a combination of both that lead to the changes we see in the aging process.

Question 7

After reviewing the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)report of a client who has dementia with Lewy bodies,a nurse anticipates delusional behavior in the client.In which area of the brain does the nurse observe hyperperfusion?

Accepted Answer

The frontal cortex region of the brain is associated with executive functioning, decision-making, and behavior regulation. Hyperperfusion in this area may lead to delusional behavior, which is a common symptom of dementia with Lewy bodies. The parietal and occipital regions may be affected as well, but hyperperfusion in these areas is not specifically linked to delusions.

Question 8

A registered nurse is teaching a group of students about functional consequences of physiological aging on the cardiovascular system.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

A higher response of baroreceptors in arterioles is not seen with increasing age. Rather, there is a decreased response of these receptors, which can contribute to orthostatic hypotension in older adults. The other statements are accurate and indicate a good understanding of the cardiovascular changes associated with aging.

Question 9

Which condition is associated with the buildup of tau protein in the brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which condition is associated with the buildup...

Question 10

An older client is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.Which comorbid disease in the client does a nurse suspect to be the cause for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Chronic renal failure can be caused by both atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis can lead to renal artery stenosis and decreased blood flow to the kidneys, while diabetes mellitus can damage the kidneys over time. Esophagitis is not typically associated with chronic renal failure.

Question 11

Which change in the integumentary system of older clients is responsible for difficulties in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sweat glands in the integumentary system of older clients is responsible for difficulties in thermoregulation because sweat glands help regulate body temperature by producing sweat that evaporates from the skin's surface, which cools the body. As fewer sweat glands are present, fewer sweating occurs, leading to difficulties in thermoregulation.

Question 12

While reviewing the medical history of a client with diabetes,a nurse finds that the client has impaired renal function.Which medication in the client's prescription does the nurse suspect to be replaced?

Accepted Answer

Metformin is primarily excreted through the kidneys, and impaired renal function can lead to accumulation of metformin and its toxic effects. Therefore, in clients with impaired renal function, metformin should be replaced with an alternative medication. Aspirin and insulin lispro are not contraindicated in clients with impaired renal function.

Question 13

An older client is frequently complaining of constipation to a nurse.Which age-related change in the gastrointestinal system does the nurse suspect to be the cause?

Accepted Answer

Denervation in the distal portion of the gastrointestinal tract is an age-related change that can result in decreased motility, leading to constipation. Other changes mentioned in the options, such as stomach lining atrophy, diminished lactase enzyme, and loss of strength of the lower esophageal sphincter, may affect digestion and absorption but are less likely to directly cause constipation.

Question 14

Flattened villi of the intestine in older adults causes

Accepted Answer

Flattened villi in the intestine means there is a decreased surface area for absorption of nutrients. This leads to decreased transport of nutrients into the bloodstream, which can result in malnutrition and associated health complications. Pain and changes in intestinal flora are not directly related to flattened villi, and while indigestion, gas, and diarrhea may occur, they are not the main consequences of flattened villi.

Question 15

The MRI and PET scan reports of an older client show cerebral atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes.Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes is a characteristic finding of Pick's disease, which is a type of frontotemporal dementia. Vascular dementia may show evidence of brain damage due to stroke or reduced blood flow, Alzheimer's disease may show generalized atrophy throughout the brain, and dementia with Lewy bodies may show diffuse cortical atrophy. However, cerebral atrophy in the specific lobes mentioned in the question is most indicative of Pick's disease.

Question 16

Which statement by the spouse of an older client made a nurse suspect Pick's disease in the client?

Accepted Answer

Pick's disease, a type of frontotemporal dementia, often presents with changes in behavior and personality rather than the memory loss typical of Alzheimer's. Eating non-food items (pica) can be a manifestation of these behavioral changes.

Question 17

Which theory explains apoptosis of the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis of the ovary is a programmed process controlled by genes. This is the basis of the programmed aging of the cell theory. The other theories listed do not specifically explain apoptosis of the ovary.

Question 18

A registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the factors that diminish the ability to mount a febrile response in older clients.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

The statement, "Decreased ability to raise blood pressure reduces the ability to cause fever," is incorrect. Blood pressure regulation does not directly affect the ability to mount a febrile response. The correct factors that diminish the ability to cause fever in older clients are decreased vasodilation, decreased subcutaneous fat, and decreased responsiveness of the hypothalamus.

Question 19

Which classes of medication are beneficial to manage the cognitive decline in a client with vascular dementia? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which classes of medication are beneficial to...

Quiz 46: Pathophysiologic Concepts of Aging

The x-ray of a client shows kyphosis with collapse of the intervertebral discs.Which changes would a nurse anticipate in this client?

While reviewing the prescription of an older client with dementia,a nurse finds that the client is on carbidopa/levodopa.Which type of dementia does the nurse suspect in this client?

An older client who is on medications for hypertension has ankle edema and reflux esophagitis.Which medication in the client's report does the nurse expect to be replaced?

While reviewing the case file of an older client,a nurse finds that the client's vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is untreated.Which change in the nervous system does the nurse suspect to cause gait instability and paresthesias in the client?

A nurse observes that an older client with dementia demonstrates antisocial behavior and loss of social skills.Which therapy would the nurse most likely find in the client's prescription?

What is multicausality?

After reviewing the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) report of a client who has dementia with Lewy bodies,a nurse anticipates delusional behavior in the client.In which area of the brain does the nurse observe hyperperfusion?

A registered nurse is teaching a group of students about functional consequences of physiological aging on the cardiovascular system.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Which condition is associated with the buildup of tau protein in the brain?

An older client is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.Which comorbid disease in the client does a nurse suspect to be the cause for this condition?

Which change in the integumentary system of older clients is responsible for difficulties in thermoregulation?

While reviewing the medical history of a client with diabetes,a nurse finds that the client has impaired renal function.Which medication in the client's prescription does the nurse suspect to be replaced?

An older client is frequently complaining of constipation to a nurse.Which age-related change in the gastrointestinal system does the nurse suspect to be the cause?

Flattened villi of the intestine in older adults causes

The MRI and PET scan reports of an older client show cerebral atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes.Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?

Which statement by the spouse of an older client made a nurse suspect Pick's disease in the client?

Which theory explains apoptosis of the ovary?

A registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the factors that diminish the ability to mount a febrile response in older clients.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Which classes of medication are beneficial to manage the cognitive decline in a client with vascular dementia? Select all that apply.

Quiz 46: Pathophysiologic Concepts of Aging

The x-ray of a client shows kyphosis with collapse of the intervertebral discs.Which changes would a nurse anticipate in this client?

While reviewing the prescription of an older client with dementia,a nurse finds that the client is on carbidopa/levodopa.Which type of dementia does the nurse suspect in this client?

An older client who is on medications for hypertension has ankle edema and reflux esophagitis.Which medication in the client's report does the nurse expect to be replaced?

While reviewing the case file of an older client,a nurse finds that the client's vitamin B12 deficiency is untreated.Which change in the nervous system does the nurse suspect to cause gait instability and paresthesias in the client?

A nurse observes that an older client with dementia demonstrates antisocial behavior and loss of social skills.Which therapy would the nurse most likely find in the client's prescription?

What is multicausality?

After reviewing the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) report of a client who has dementia with Lewy bodies,a nurse anticipates delusional behavior in the client.In which area of the brain does the nurse observe hyperperfusion?

A registered nurse is teaching a group of students about functional consequences of physiological aging on the cardiovascular system.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Which condition is associated with the buildup of tau protein in the brain?

An older client is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.Which comorbid disease in the client does a nurse suspect to be the cause for this condition?

Which change in the integumentary system of older clients is responsible for difficulties in thermoregulation?

While reviewing the medical history of a client with diabetes,a nurse finds that the client has impaired renal function.Which medication in the client's prescription does the nurse suspect to be replaced?

An older client is frequently complaining of constipation to a nurse.Which age-related change in the gastrointestinal system does the nurse suspect to be the cause?

Flattened villi of the intestine in older adults causes

The MRI and PET scan reports of an older client show cerebral atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes.Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?

Which statement by the spouse of an older client made a nurse suspect Pick's disease in the client?

Which theory explains apoptosis of the ovary?

A registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the factors that diminish the ability to mount a febrile response in older clients.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Which classes of medication are beneficial to manage the cognitive decline in a client with vascular dementia? Select all that apply.

While reviewing the case file of an older client,a nurse finds that the client's vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is untreated.Which change in the nervous system does the nurse suspect to cause gait instability and paresthesias in the client?