Question 1

A client with leukemia received chemotherapy 2 days ago and has subsequently developed acute renal failure.Which laboratory result should the nurse assess?

Accepted Answer

Acute renal failure can occur as a result of chemotherapy-induced tumor lysis syndrome, which releases high amounts of uric acid into the bloodstream. This can lead to a sudden and significant decrease in renal function. Therefore, monitoring uric acid levels is important in this situation to ensure prompt management of acute renal failure. Options A, C, and D are unlikely to be affected by tumor lysis syndrome.

Question 2

An 85-year-old client comes to the hospital and reports severe back pain.The client's blood report shows IgA concentration of 2 grams/deciliter and plasma cells of 8% in the bone marrow.The client does not show symptoms of anemia or hypercalcemia.Based on these findings,what should the nurse suspect?

Accepted Answer

The client's symptoms and lab findings suggest Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) rather than Multiple Myeloma. MGUS is characterized by the presence of an abnormal monoclonal protein (M protein) in the blood, similar to multiple myeloma, but without the significant symptoms or organ damage (e.g., anemia, hypercalcemia, more than 10% plasma cells in the bone marrow) associated with multiple myeloma. The client's IgA concentration and 8% plasma cells in the bone marrow support the diagnosis of MGUS.

Question 3

Which clinical sign signifies leukocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis refers to an increase in the number of white blood cells, which is characterized by a high white blood count. Option A indicates leukopenia, which means low white blood count, and options C and D are not related to leukocytosis. Therefore, the best choice that signifies leukocytosis is option B.

Question 4

Which white blood cells are the first responders in defense against antigens?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages are the first responders in defense against antigens. They are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest foreign particles, including bacteria, viruses, and dead cells. After engulfing the foreign particle, they present the antigens to other white blood cells, triggering a specific immune response. Basophils are involved in allergic reactions, T lymphocytes play a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity, and B lymphocytes produce antibodies in response to antigens.

Question 5

The registered nurse is teaching the student nurse about hematological cancer.Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

Accepted Answer

All the statements made by the student nurse indicate effective learning about the causes of hematological cancer. Exposure to intense radiation, contact with benzene, and damaged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are all recognized factors that can lead to the development of cancer, including cancers of the blood and bone marrow.

Question 6

The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with a fever.It shows that the white blood cell count is 3,000/microliter.What should the nurse use when documenting this finding?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell count of 3,000/microliter is below the normal range of 4,500-11,000/microliter and signifies leukopenia. Leukocytosis would indicate an increased white blood cell count, and neutrophilia would indicate an increase in neutrophils specifically. None of these options apply in this situation.

Question 7

A client comes to the hospital with symptoms of an allergic reaction from an antibiotic.Which blood cells would show an increase in the complete blood count report?

Accepted Answer

An allergy to an antibiotic can cause an increase in eosinophil count in the complete blood count report. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are involved in allergic responses and are often elevated in cases of allergic reactions. Neutrophils and basophils are not typically increased in cases of allergic reactions.

Question 8

A client with an infection was brought to the hospital.The complete blood count with differential report shows a white blood cell count of 3,000/uL.Which condition has the client developed?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell count of 3,000/uL is significantly lower than the normal range of 4,500-11,000/uL, indicating leukopenia, or a low white blood cell count. This can be associated with infections, as well as other conditions such as bone marrow diseases or autoimmune disorders.

Question 9

A nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with an infection.It shows that the white blood cell count is 9,000/microliter,neutrophil count is 8,500,leukocyte count is 4,000,eosinophil count is 600/microliter,and basophil is 1%.What should the nurse use when documenting this finding?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophilia is indicated by an elevated neutrophil count, which in this case is 8,500, suggesting a response to infection. The white blood cell count is within normal limits, not indicating leukocytosis, and the eosinophil count does not suggest eosinophilia.

Question 10

Which part of the body produces white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The bone marrow is the primary site of white blood cell production, also known as leukopoiesis.

Question 11

An 8-year-old child presents to the hospital with a lymphocytopenia.Based on this diagnosis,what would the nurse expect to find?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytopenia refers to a lower than normal lymphocyte count. In children, a lymphocyte count less than 3,000/ microliter is considered lymphocytopenia. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because a lymphocyte count greater than 9,000/ microliter in infants would be considered lymphocytosis, not lymphocytopenia. Option C is also incorrect because a lymphocyte count greater than 7,000/ microliter in children would be considered normal, not lymphocytopenia.

Question 12

A 65-year-old client undergoes chemotherapy for treating cancer.A complete blood count report after chemotherapy shows red blood cells -3.02 million cells/microliter,white blood cells -3,200 cells/microliter,and platelets -100,000/microliter.What disorder does the nurse suspect in the client?

Accepted Answer

The client's low red blood cell count (anemia), low white blood cell count (leukopenia), and low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) suggest potential bone marrow suppression, which can occur as a result of chemotherapy. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a disorder that can also cause bone marrow suppression and is commonly seen in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. Lymphocytosis and monocytic leukocytosis are not consistent with the client's lab results.

Question 13

On reviewing the blood reports of a client who presents with a fever,the nurse finds that the white blood cell count is 13,000/microliter.What term should the nurse use when documenting this finding?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis is a term used to describe an increased white blood cell count, specifically a count above the normal range of 4,500-11,000/microliter. Therefore, the white blood cell count of 13,000/microliter indicates leukocytosis. Leukopenia, on the other hand, refers to a decreased white blood cell count. Neutrophilia refers to an increased number of neutrophils, a specific type of white blood cell, but does not necessarily indicate an overall increase in the white blood cell count.

Question 14

A nurse is analyzing the report of a 5-year-old client with leukemia,who is receiving chemotherapy.The platelet count is 20,000/microliter.What would be the best intervention for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?

Accepted Answer

A platelet count of 20,000/microliter puts the client at risk for bleeding. Using a soft toothbrush for oral care is important to prevent trauma to the gums and oral tissues, which could result in bleeding. Monitoring vital signs and checking the temperature are important aspects of the client's care, but neither of these interventions are directly related to the platelet count. Initiating protective isolation precautions may be necessary if the client's white blood cell count is low, but this information is not provided in the scenario.

Question 15

What causes lymphomas?

Accepted Answer

Lymphomas arise from the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes, which can be either B cells or T cells. T cell lymphomas are specifically caused by abnormal proliferation of T lymphocytes.

Question 16

The complete blood count report of a client,the enlarged lymph nodes,and epistaxis indicate that the client has developed acute lymphocytis leukemia.What could be the reason for the occurrence of epistaxis in the client?

Accepted Answer

The occurrence of epistaxis in the client can be attributed to the crowding of platelets by blast cells in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Blast cells are immature white blood cells that crowd out the normal cells in the bone marrow, leading to deficiencies in the production of other blood cells such as platelets (thrombocytopenia). As a result, the client may experience easy bleeding and bruising, including epistaxis (nose bleeding).

Question 17

A client comes to the hospital with reports of chest pain due to lymphoma.Reports show that the lymphoma cells have a rapid growth,but are curable.How would this lymphoma be classified?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client comes to the hospital with...

Question 18

Which blood component is developed from megakaryocytes?

Accepted Answer

Megakaryocytes are responsible for producing platelets, also known as thrombocytes. Platelets are important components in blood clotting and wound healing.

Question 19

A client comes to the hospital with petechiae.The complete blood count report shows a decrease in the platelet count.What should the nurse include in the plan of care based on the information?

Accepted Answer

Petechiae and a decrease in platelet count indicate a risk for bleeding, so the nurse should prioritize safety measures to avoid invasive procedures that may cause bleeding.

Question 20

A nurse is formulating a nursing diagnosis for a client with chronic lymphoid leukemia.Which nursing measure should be included in the process?

Accepted Answer

All of the above measures should be included in the nursing diagnosis for a client with chronic lymphoid leukemia. Placing the client in protective isolation can help prevent exposure to infections. Limiting visitors with colds and infections can also help reduce the risk of infection. Ensuring that all visitors wash their hands before coming into contact with the client can help prevent the spread of germs.

Quiz 12: White Blood Cell Disorders