Question 1

Color blindness is caused by heritable mutations in cone photoreceptors.How many cone types does the retina of a colorblind individual typically contain?
A)only one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Accepted Answer

A colorblind individual typically lacks one of the three types of cone photoreceptors. This means they have only two types of cones, usually red-green color blindness is more common, which means individuals are missing either the red or green cone. As a result, they can only distinguish between two primary colors.

Question 2

Which sequence of events is required for the brain to interpret sound?
 I.Vibration of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial membrane causes cilia on hair cells to bend and triggers depolarization.
II)Hair cells stimulate the production of action potentials in sensory neurons that project to the brain.
III)Ganglion cell axons transmit action potentials to the occipital lobe.
A)II then I
B)III then I then II
C)III then I
D)I then II
E)I then II then III

Accepted Answer

The sequence of events required for the brain to interpret sound is I then II. The vibration of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial membrane causes cilia on hair cells to bend and triggers depolarization, which in turn stimulates the production of action potentials in sensory neurons that project to the brain. Therefore, the correct sequence is I then II. Option D is the only one with this sequence.

Question 3

What does the middle ear consist of?
A)three ossicle bones
B)the ear canal
C)the ear drum
D)the vestibular canal
E)the tympanic canal

Accepted Answer

The middle ear consists of three ossicle bones: the malleus, incus, and stapes. These bones transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Question 4

In what order will you encounter the following structures if you examine the human ear from the outside inward?
A)tympanic membrane → malleus →incus → stapes → oval window → cochlea
B)tympanic membrane → incus →malleus → stapes → oval window → cochlea
C)tympanic membrane → stapes →malleus → incus → oval window → cochlea
D)tympanic membrane → malleus →incus → stapes → cochlea →oval window
E)tympanic membrane → oval window → malleus →incus → stapes → cochlea

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence from the outer part of the ear to the inner part is: tympanic membrane (eardrum), malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup), oval window, and finally the cochlea. This reflects the path of sound vibration from the external ear through the middle ear apparatus to the inner ear where sound is processed.

Question 5

Which animal became numerous and widespread by using sonar to enable a high level of activity in the dark?
A)bats
B)whales
C)owls
D)dolphins
E)shrews

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which animal became numerous and widespread by...

Question 6

What sensory equipment is required for an animal to have binocular vision?
A)eyes located to the sides of the head
B)forward-facing eyes
C)a camera-type eye with multiple lenses
D)infrared vision
E)ultraviolet vision

Accepted Answer

Binocular vision refers to the ability to focus both eyes on a single object, which provides depth perception. This can only be achieved with forward-facing eyes, as eyes located to the sides of the head would not have overlapping fields of vision necessary for depth perception. Camera-type eyes with multiple lenses, infrared vision, and ultraviolet vision are not necessarily required for binocular vision.

Question 7

Rank the sensory receptors in order,from the ability to detect the widest variety of molecules,to the least variety of molecules (or none).
1.gustatory receptors
2.photoreceptors
3.olfactory receptors
4.TRP channel temperature receptors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rank the sensory receptors in order,from the...

Question 8

What sequence of events leads to the perception of a visual scene?
 I.In response to light,retinal dissociates from rod and cone photopigments,hyperpolarizing the photoreceptor cells and leading to activation of bipolar neurons.
II)Action potentials are propagated through ganglion cells,whose axons project to the occipital lobe of the brain.
III)In response to light,rod and cone photoreceptors depolarize,causing increased release of neurotransmitter and activation of bipolar neurons.
A)I then III
B)III then II
C)III then I then II
D)I then II then III
E)I then II

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence starts with the dissociation of retinal from rod and cone photopigments in response to light, which hyperpolarizes the photoreceptor cells. This leads to the activation of bipolar neurons (I). Then, action potentials are propagated through ganglion cells, whose axons project to the occipital lobe of the brain for visual processing (II). Option III is incorrect because rod and cone photoreceptors hyperpolarize, not depolarize, in response to light.

Question 9

In the vertebrate eye,what structure is light focused onto?
A)pupil
B)lens
C)retina
D)sclera
E)iris

Accepted Answer

The retina is the structure in the vertebrate eye onto which light is focused. It contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into neural signals, which are then processed by the brain to produce visual images.

Question 10

Which of the following cells are NOT found in the retina?
A)rods
B)cones
C)bipolar cells
D)hair cells
E)ganglion cells

Accepted Answer

Hair cells are found in the inner ear, not in the retina.

Question 11

Which is NOT an example of a stimulus sensed by an interoceptor?
A)temperature
B)vibration
C)pain
D)magnetism
E)touch

Accepted Answer

Interoceptors are sensory receptors that respond to stimuli from within the body, such as changes in blood pressure, pH levels, or muscle tension. Magnetism is an external stimulus and is not sensed by interoceptors.

Question 12

Which of the following are components of vertebrate gravity receptors? 
I-Utricle and saccule chambers of a membranous labyrinth.
II-Hair cells with stereocilia and kinocilium.
III-Hairlike processes embedded with otolith membrane,a gelatinous membrane containing calcium carbonate crystals.
IV-Peripheral chemoreceptors.
A)I and II only
B)II,III,and IV
C)I and IV only
D)I,II,and IV
E)I,II,and III

Accepted Answer

The components of vertebrate gravity receptors include the utricle and saccule chambers of a membranous labyrinth (I), hair cells with stereocilia and kinocilium (II), and hairlike processes embedded with otolith membrane, a gelatinous membrane containing calcium carbonate crystals (III). Peripheral chemoreceptors (IV) are not components of vertebrate gravity receptors. Therefore, the correct choice is E, which includes only I, II, and III as components of vertebrate gravity receptors.

Question 13

In the vertebrate eye,what structure controls the amount of light that reaches the retina?
A)fovea
B)cornea
C)iris
D)lens
E)sclera

Accepted Answer

The iris is the structure in the vertebrate eye that controls the amount of light that reaches the retina. It does this by adjusting the size of the pupil in response to changing light conditions.

Question 14

What are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision called?
A)rods
B)cones
C)bipolar cells
D)glial cells
E)ganglion cells

Accepted Answer

Cones are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision. Rods are longer and are responsible for low light vision. Bipolar cells, glial cells, and ganglion cells are not photoreceptors.

Question 15

Which is NOT a part of the vertebrate eye?
A)cornea
B)retina
C)iris
D)cochlea
E)pupil

Accepted Answer

The cochlea is a part of the inner ear, which is responsible for sensing sound and has no role in vision. The other choices are all parts of the vertebrate eye.

Question 16

Choose the receptor that is NOT correctly matched with its function.
A)proprioceptor - monitors stretch of muscle fibers
B)baroreceptor - monitors hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels
C)nociceptor - transmits signals that the brain interprets as pain
D)chemoreceptor - perceives taste and smell stimuli
E)peripheral chemoreceptor - monitors the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Accepted Answer

Peripheral chemoreceptors, such as the carotid and aortic bodies, primarily monitor the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, not the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. Central chemoreceptors, located in the medulla, are responsible for monitoring the pH of cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 17

Which of the vertebrates senses is the least well understood?
A)electroreception
B)magnetoreception
C)vision
D)hearing
E)touch

Accepted Answer

While all vertebrate senses are still being studied and explored, magnetoreception is currently the least understood. This is the ability to sense the Earth's magnetic field, which some animals such as birds and fish use for navigation. The exact mechanism for how animals sense magnetic fields is not yet fully understood.

Question 18

What is the photopigment in rod cells called?
A)photopsin
B)rhodopsin
C)opsin
D)carotene
E)melanin

Accepted Answer

The photopigment found in rod cells is called rhodopsin.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the lateral line system is NOT correct?
A)allows fish to sense objects based on the pressure waves they produce
B)allows fish to sense objects based on the low-frequency vibrations they produce
C)allows fish to swim in synchrony with a school of other members of its species
D)provides the fish with the ability to see images
E)allows a blind cave fish to sense the water patterns flowing past its body

Accepted Answer

The lateral line system does not provide the fish with the ability to see images, as it is a sensory system that detects pressure waves and vibrations in the water. The other statements are all correct.

Question 20

Which of the following constitute the vestibular apparatus?
A)saccule and utricle only
B)semicircular canals,saccule,and utricle
C)ampullae of Lorenzini
D)saccule,utricle,and Organ of Corti
E)saccule,utricle,and ventricle

Accepted Answer

The vestibular apparatus consists of three semicircular canals (anterior, posterior, and horizontal) and two otolith organs (saccule and utricle). Therefore, the correct choice is B, which includes all the structures that make up the vestibular apparatus. Choices A, C, D, and E are incorrect.

Quiz 43: Sensory Systems

Color blindness is caused by heritable mutations in cone photoreceptors.How many cone types does the retina of a colorblind individual typically contain?

What does the middle ear consist of?

In what order will you encounter the following structures if you examine the human ear from the outside inward?

Which animal became numerous and widespread by using sonar to enable a high level of activity in the dark?

What sensory equipment is required for an animal to have binocular vision?

Rank the sensory receptors in order,from the ability to detect the widest variety of molecules,to the least variety of molecules (or none). 1.gustatory receptors 2.photoreceptors 3.olfactory receptors 4.TRP channel temperature receptors

In the vertebrate eye,what structure is light focused onto?

Which of the following cells are NOT found in the retina?

Which is NOT an example of a stimulus sensed by an interoceptor?

In the vertebrate eye,what structure controls the amount of light that reaches the retina?

What are the short retinal photoreceptors responsible for color vision called?

Which is NOT a part of the vertebrate eye?

Choose the receptor that is NOT correctly matched with its function.

Which of the vertebrates senses is the least well understood?

What is the photopigment in rod cells called?

Which of the following statements about the lateral line system is NOT correct?

Which of the following constitute the vestibular apparatus?