Question 1

The signals sent out from the ventromedial hypothalamus that suppress hunger are referred to as
A) counterconsumptive
B) orexogenic
C) anorexogenic
D) aconsumptive

Accepted Answer

The signals sent out from the ventromedial hypothalamus that suppress hunger are referred to as anorexogenic. This is because they cause a decrease in appetite and food consumption. The other options are not correct as counterconsumptive and aconsumptive are not commonly used terms in relation to hunger and orexogenic refers to signals that increase appetite and food intake.

Question 2

The drive-reduction theory,postulated by __________,states that a person reacts when a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives him or her to reduce that need.
A) Clark Hull
B) William James
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory was introduced by Clark Hull, an American psychologist who believed that physiological needs drive behavior by creating states of arousal that must be satisfied. According to this theory, when a person experiences a physiological need (such as hunger or thirst), it produces an uncomfortable state of arousal that motivates the person to engage in behaviors to reduce or eliminate that need.

Question 3

The first,or bottom,level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes __________ needs.
A) physiological
B) social
C) safety
D) esteem

Accepted Answer

The first, or bottom, level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the physiological needs which include basic survival needs such as food, water, shelter, warmth, and rest.

Question 4

Every Thursday,Yvette goes to the local grocery store and spends $5 on tickets to try to win the Super Lotto.She knows that her chance of winning is very low,but she also dreams of winning the $200 million prize.Yvette's behavior can best be explained by the __________ theory of motivation.
A) instinct
B) central-state
C) incentive
D) drive-reduction

Accepted Answer

Yvette's behavior of buying Super Lotto tickets is driven by the potential incentive of winning the $200 million prize. This aligns with the incentive theory of motivation, which suggests that people are motivated by external rewards or incentives.

Question 5

Regulatory drives are those actions that seek to preserve __________.
A) homeostasis
B) social goals
C) self-actualization
D) reproductive success

Accepted Answer

Regulatory drives are drives that seek to preserve homeostasis or the body's internal balance. These drives include hunger, thirst, and the regulation of body temperature. Homeostasis is critical for the body's proper functioning, and regulatory drives ensure that the body maintains this balance. Social goals, self-actualization, and reproductive success are not related to regulatory drives.

Question 6

This term Professor Willen decided to take a course in American Sign Language in addition to her own teaching responsibilities.Although it was odd to be taking a class alongside some of her own students and she didn't really enjoy the course,she gave her best effort and earned a good grade.When her students asked her why she was taking the course,she said "It will help me get promoted if I enhance my communication abilities." Professor Willen's decision to take this class is a prime example of __________ motivation.
A) extrinsic
B) incentive
C) hedonic
D) intrinsic

Accepted Answer

The answer of This term Professor Willen decided to take...

Question 7

The hormone orexin is secreted by the lateral __________,the part of the brain that stimulates eating behaviors.
A) cerebrum
B) hypothalamus
C) hippocampus
D) amygdala

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is responsible for regulating hunger and is stimulated by the hormone orexin, which is secreted by the same area of the brain. The cerebrum, hippocampus, and amygdala are involved in other functions such as memory, emotion, and sensory processing.

Question 8

Humanistic psychologist __________ described motivation through a hierarchy of needs,in which the lower or more basic levels had to be fulfilled before higher level needs could be addressed.
A) William James
B) Carl Rogers
C) Fritz Perls
D) Abraham Maslow

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow described the hierarchy of needs, which suggests that basic physiological needs like food, water, shelter, and safety must be met before higher level needs such as love, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization can be pursued. Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who believed in the positive potential of individuals and the importance of personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 9

When your brain decides that it is time for you to eat,the lateral hypothalamus secrets a hormone called __________ which stimulates eating behaviors.
A) glucagon
B) bilirubin
C) insulin
D) orexin

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus secretes a hormone called orexin when it is time to eat. Orexin stimulates eating behaviors and increases appetite.

Question 10

While drive-reduction theory suggests that behaviors are motivated by a need to reduce physiological disruptions in homeostasis,central-state theory explains drives by understanding them as corresponding to __________ activity.
A) reproductive
B) neural
C) organizational
D) adaptive

Accepted Answer

Central-state theory proposes that drives are related to neural activity, specifically the level and intensity of activation in various brain regions.

Question 11

Sarah runs track for her high school,and generally runs the longer distances.She notices that even though she experiences pain as the race continues,she can count on eventually experiencing a brief break from the pain,called the "runner's high." This is caused by the release of __________,neurotransmitters that inhibit pain and stimulate the immediate pleasure of rewards.
A) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B) dopamine
C) endorphins
D) ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA)

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are neurotransmitters that inhibit pain and stimulate pleasure. The release of endorphins during exercise is believed to contribute to the runner's high. A) GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter but is not known to be involved in the runner's high. B) Dopamine is involved in motivation and reward but is not specifically known for its pain-inhibiting properties. D) EDTA is a chelating agent and has no connection to neurotransmitters or the runner's high.

Question 12

Ross has been outside for the past four hours mowing the lawn and doing yard work on a 90 degree day.He comes inside and immediately begins downing glasses of water.After he's had 3 or 4 glasses,he stops drinking so quickly and calms down a bit.Ross's motivation to drink water is best explained by Clark Hull's ____________ theory.
A) extrinsic satisfaction
B) hedonic principle
C) drive-reduction
D) altruistic drive

Accepted Answer

Ross's motivation to drink water can be best explained by the drive-reduction theory, which suggests that physiological needs create a state of tension or drive that motivates an individual to engage in behaviors that will reduce the tension or drive. In this case, Ross's prolonged physical activity in high temperatures likely caused him to experience dehydration and thirst, creating a physiological need for water. The drinking of water then helped to reduce that state of tension or drive.

Question 13

The menstrual cycle is to human females as the __________ cycle is to other animals.
A) circadian
B) androgenous
C) pheromonal
D) estrous

Accepted Answer

The estrous cycle is the reproductive cycle in most mammals, including dogs, cats, mice, and cows. It is characterized by the periodicity of ovulation and receptivity to mating. In contrast, human females have a menstrual cycle, which involves the shedding of the uterine lining and is not directly tied to ovulation or the timing of mating. Therefore, the best choice is D) estrous.

Question 14

The levels of __________ in your blood help your brain determine whether or not to stimulate eating behaviors.
A) bilirubin
B) noradrenaline
C) glucose
D) insulin

Accepted Answer

Glucose levels in the blood are a key factor in regulating hunger and satiety. When glucose levels are low, it signals to the brain that it's time to eat. When glucose levels are high, it signals that the body has enough energy and can stop eating. Bilirubin, noradrenaline, and insulin are not directly involved in regulating hunger and satiety.

Question 15

Animals that have missing or damaged _________ neurons will lose all motivation and die unless artificially fed.
A) hedonic
B) intrinsic
C) reward
D) extrinsic

Accepted Answer

Reward neurons are crucial for motivation, including the motivation to eat. Damage to these neurons can lead to a lack of desire to perform even basic survival tasks, such as feeding.

Question 16

According to the __________ theory of motivation,positive or negative stimuli in our environment can influence our behaviors.
A) incentive
B) drive
C) hedonic
D) externalization

Accepted Answer

The incentive theory of motivation suggests that external stimuli, such as rewards or punishments, drive our behavior. It proposes that people are motivated to engage in certain behaviors in order to gain rewards or avoid negative consequences.

Question 17

This term Professor Willen decided to take a course in American Sign Language in addition to her own teaching responsibilities.Although it was odd to be taking a class alongside some of her own students,she enjoyed the experience immensely.When her boss asked her why she was taking the course,she said,"I don't really know! I've just always wanted to learn sign language!" Professor Willen's decision to take this class is a prime example of __________ motivation.
A) extrinsic
B) intrinsic
C) hedonic
D) incentive

Accepted Answer

Professor Willen's decision to take the American Sign Language course seems to be driven by her own personal curiosity and desire to learn a new skill, rather than any external rewards or incentives (such as a bonus, promotion, or external pressure from others). This aligns with the concept of intrinsic motivation, which refers to engagement in an activity or task based on internal factors such as personal interest, enjoyment, or a sense of accomplishment. Therefore, option B (intrinsic) is the best choice for this scenario.

Question 18

Animals will work long and hard to stimulate the ____________,the part of the brain that is generally responsible for processing rewards.
A) distal parietal ganglion
B) proximal hypothalamic chiasm
C) anterior central sulcus
D) medial forebrain bundle

Accepted Answer

The medial forebrain bundle is a neural pathway that plays a key role in the reward system of the brain. When animals work hard to obtain a reward, they are often activating this pathway in order to stimulate the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the experience of pleasure and motivation. The other options (distal parietal ganglion, proximal hypothalamic chiasm, anterior central sulcus) are not directly involved in the reward system.

Question 19

At the recent championship soccer match,the score was tied right until the very last second.The match was decided by a shoot-out,and the home team's star player,Anton,was the last to attempt to score a goal.If he hit the shot the game would continue,but if he missed his team would lose.As he lined up his shot he saw that the goalie was going to move to his left,so all he had to do was kick an easy shot to the right and he would be a hero.As he kicked,however,he was dismayed to see the ball sail wide of the net,costing his team the game.According to the __________ law,the pressure of this tense moment may have interfered with Anton's best performance,costing him an easy goal.
A) James-Lange
B) Rogers-Werth
C) Siegel-Swartz
D) Yerkes-Dodson

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that performance is best at a moderate level of arousal or stress. If the pressure becomes too high, it can actually interfere with performance. Anton may have been so overwhelmed by the pressure of the moment that his performance was impacted, causing him to miss an easy shot. This is consistent with the Yerkes-Dodson law. The other options (James-Lange, Rogers-Werth, Siegel-Swartz) do not apply to this situation.

Question 20

The __________ law states that in general people perform at their best when they experience a moderate level of arousal; too little arousal will not motivate their best effort,and too much arousal will interfere with their performance.
A) Yerkes-Dodson
B) Wertheimer-Werth
C) Berman-Silverman
D) Shneidman-Farberow

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that there is an optimal level of arousal for peak performance, which varies with the complexity of the task. Too much arousal (stress) or too little arousal (boredom) can both have negative effects on performance. The other options are not relevant to this concept.

Quiz 13: Emotion and Motivation

The signals sent out from the ventromedial hypothalamus that suppress hunger are referred to as

The drive-reduction theory,postulated by __________,states that a person reacts when a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives him or her to reduce that need.

The first,or bottom,level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes __________ needs.

Every Thursday,Yvette goes to the local grocery store and spends $5 on tickets to try to win the Super Lotto.She knows that her chance of winning is very low,but she also dreams of winning the $200 million prize.Yvette's behavior can best be explained by the __________ theory of motivation.

Regulatory drives are those actions that seek to preserve __________.

The hormone orexin is secreted by the lateral __________,the part of the brain that stimulates eating behaviors.

Humanistic psychologist __________ described motivation through a hierarchy of needs,in which the lower or more basic levels had to be fulfilled before higher level needs could be addressed.

When your brain decides that it is time for you to eat,the lateral hypothalamus secrets a hormone called __________ which stimulates eating behaviors.

While drive-reduction theory suggests that behaviors are motivated by a need to reduce physiological disruptions in homeostasis,central-state theory explains drives by understanding them as corresponding to __________ activity.

The menstrual cycle is to human females as the __________ cycle is to other animals.

The levels of __________ in your blood help your brain determine whether or not to stimulate eating behaviors.

Animals that have missing or damaged _________ neurons will lose all motivation and die unless artificially fed.

According to the __________ theory of motivation,positive or negative stimuli in our environment can influence our behaviors.

Animals will work long and hard to stimulate the ____________,the part of the brain that is generally responsible for processing rewards.

The __________ law states that in general people perform at their best when they experience a moderate level of arousal; too little arousal will not motivate their best effort,and too much arousal will interfere with their performance.