Question 1

There are two components of every emotional experience - a cognitive experience and 	
physiological arousal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are two components of every emotional...

Question 2

The __________ defines job satisfaction as a worker's sense of achieving a certain outcome based on expectancy,instrumentality,and valence.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question relates to the expectancy theory of job satisfaction, which highlights the relationship between the effort put in by an employee, the level of performance expected, and the outcomes or rewards that the employee desires. The theory proposes that job satisfaction is a function of the perception of the probability of achieving these rewards or outcomes based on the interplay of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Option A correctly identifies this theory as the one being referred to in the question.

Question 3

Long-term potentiation (LTP)is a process that takes place while we sleep,thus allowing __________ from the day to get strengthened.

Accepted Answer

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a process where the connections between neurons in the brain are strengthened. This process is essential for the formation and consolidation of memories. During sleep, the brain consolidates newly acquired information into long-term memories through the process of LTP. Therefore, option C- memories, is the correct choice.

Question 4

The universality hypothesis,which suggests that facial expressions of emotion are understood	
to be the same across cultures,was first proposed by Charles Darwin.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. Charles Darwin first proposed the universality hypothesis in his book "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" in 1872, suggesting that certain facial expressions of emotion are innate and can be recognized across cultures.

Question 5

Human beings are not nocturnal,as demonstrated by the fact that we can't see well in the dark and don't have the natural physical gifts needed to be night time hunters.This is the basic premise of the __________ theory of sleep.

Accepted Answer

The preservation and protection theory of sleep suggests that sleep evolved to conserve energy and protect individuals during the night when they are least capable of defending themselves or effectively navigating their environment, aligning with the idea that humans are not naturally equipped for nocturnal activities.

Question 6

Robert Plutchik proposed a model of emotions that suggested the existence of 8 primary	
emotions.

Accepted Answer

Robert Plutchik's model of emotions includes 8 primary emotions: joy, sadness, trust, disgust, fear, anger, surprise, and anticipation.

Question 7

Once an animal is castrated,what can be done to restore that animal's sex drive?

Accepted Answer

Implanting a testosterone crystal in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus is the only option that can restore an animal's sex drive after castration.

Question 8

The hormone that plays the largest role in the sex drive is __________ for women and __________ for men.

Accepted Answer

Testosterone plays a significant role in regulating sex drive (libido) for both women and men, despite being typically associated more with male physiology.

Question 9

The need to belong - to fit into social groups and feel like we are accepted by others - appears to exist across cultures.The very telling phrase "Umuntu ngumntu ngabantu," which means "a person is a person through other persons," comes from the __________ culture.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "Umuntu ngumntu ngabantu" comes from the Zulu culture, which is a Bantu ethnic group in Southern Africa.

Question 10

Which of the following needs explains why people join cults or gangs,even when such group membership can pose a serious threat to that person's health or even their life?

Accepted Answer

The need for belongingness is the most relevant explanation for why people join cults or gangs. These groups offer a sense of belonging and acceptance, which can be particularly appealing for those who feel isolated or disconnected from others. Even if group membership poses a threat to their health or life, the need for belongingness can be so strong that individuals will take risks to maintain their connection to the group.

Question 11

People with a stronger social support system may in fact experience greater psychological health because the __________ of the brain is not activated by the experience of isolation and rejection.

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for processing emotional and social pain, and is activated by experiences of isolation and rejection. Therefore, having a strong social support system can prevent the activation of this area and lead to greater psychological health. Choices B, C, and D are not relevant in this context.

Question 12

The James-Lange theory of emotions states that the physiological and psychological components	
of emotion occur simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotions states that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion. In other words, our bodily reactions to a stimulus (such as increased heart rate or sweating) lead to the subjective experience of an emotion. Therefore, the components of emotion do not occur simultaneously according to this theory.

Question 13

Stanley Schachter and Robert Zajonc worked together to postulate the two-factor theory of 	
emotion.

Accepted Answer

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer worked together to postulate the two-factor theory of emotion, not Robert Zajonc.

Question 14

Which of the following is one of the major theories that predicts workers' satisfaction at their jobs?

Accepted Answer

The expectancy theory is one of the major theories that predicts workers' satisfaction at their jobs. It suggests that individuals are motivated to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the behavior will lead to a certain outcome, and that the outcome will be valued. In the context of work, this theory suggests that workers will be satisfied when they perceive that their efforts will lead to the achievement of their goals and that they will be rewarded for their efforts. The valence theory is a related theory that focuses on the assessment of outcomes, while the preservation and protection theory and the long-term potentiation theory are not directly related to the prediction of workers' job satisfaction.

Question 15

Recently Mario learned that a new employee was hired at his company,and that she was starting out at a salary that is equivalent to his.The only problem for Mario,however,is that he has been working at the company for two years already.He is suddenly gripped with the sense that he is being underpaid,even though he had no problem with his salary just yesterday.Mario's new sense of dissatisfaction is explained by the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The equity theory explains that people compare their inputs and outcomes to those of others in similar situations. In this case, Mario's sense of dissatisfaction stems from his perception that the new employee's salary is equivalent to his own, even though he has been working at the company for longer. This perception goes against the equity principle that people expect their rewards to be proportional to their inputs and experiences.

Question 16

Shortly before bedtime one evening,you were studying hard for your upcoming psychology exam and you got a paper cut on your index finger.The next morning when you woke up,the cut had a new scab on it,indication that it was healing.Which theory of sleep best explains how your body healed itself overnight?

Accepted Answer

The body restoration theory proposes that sleep is necessary for the body to engage in processes that restore and repair tissues and organs. The healing of the paper cut overnight is an example of the body undergoing restorative processes during sleep.

Question 17

A(n)_________ is a person who requires far less than the average eight hours of sleep per night that most people need for optimal functioning.

Accepted Answer

A nonsomniac is a person who does not suffer from insomnia or difficulty sleeping, and it is not necessarily related to needing less than eight hours of sleep per night. The other options are not applicable as they refer to sleep disorders or conditions that involve difficulty sleeping.

Question 18

The __________ theory states that workers decide how satisfied they feel with their jobs by comparing themselves to others.

Accepted Answer

The equity theory states that individuals determine their job satisfaction by comparing their outcomes (such as pay, benefits, and recognition) with the outcomes of others in similar positions. If they perceive the outcomes to be fair and equitable, they are likely to be satisfied with their jobs. If they perceive the outcomes to be unfair or inequitable, they may become dissatisfied and seek to restore the balance by altering their inputs (such as effort and performance) or requesting changes to the outcome arrangement. The other answer choices (relativistic, expectancy, and incentive) do not specifically address the role of social comparisons in job satisfaction.

Question 19

While in graduate school,Allison used to brag to her friends that she only needed 4 hours of sleep a night,which allowed her extra study time.If Allison was being honest about her sleep needs,she would be classified as a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A nonsomniac is someone who does not have trouble sleeping and can obtain the necessary amount of sleep they need without difficulty. If Allison truly only needed 4 hours of sleep a night and did not experience any negative consequences, then she would be classified as a nonsomniac.

Question 20

Neurological research has revealed that the area of the brain called the __________ cortex,which is involved in physical pain,is actually activated when we have an experience of being excluded from a group.This lends evidence to the fact that the need to belong is not just a psychological need,but that it actually has physical aspects as well.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurological research has revealed that the area...

Quiz 13: Emotion and Motivation

There are two components of every emotional experience - a cognitive experience and physiological arousal.

The __________ defines job satisfaction as a worker's sense of achieving a certain outcome based on expectancy,instrumentality,and valence.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a process that takes place while we sleep,thus allowing __________ from the day to get strengthened.

The universality hypothesis,which suggests that facial expressions of emotion are understood to be the same across cultures,was first proposed by Charles Darwin.

Human beings are not nocturnal,as demonstrated by the fact that we can't see well in the dark and don't have the natural physical gifts needed to be night time hunters.This is the basic premise of the __________ theory of sleep.

Robert Plutchik proposed a model of emotions that suggested the existence of 8 primary emotions.

Once an animal is castrated,what can be done to restore that animal's sex drive?

The hormone that plays the largest role in the sex drive is for women and for men.

The need to belong - to fit into social groups and feel like we are accepted by others - appears to exist across cultures.The very telling phrase "Umuntu ngumntu ngabantu," which means "a person is a person through other persons," comes from the __________ culture.

Which of the following needs explains why people join cults or gangs,even when such group membership can pose a serious threat to that person's health or even their life?

People with a stronger social support system may in fact experience greater psychological health because the __________ of the brain is not activated by the experience of isolation and rejection.

The James-Lange theory of emotions states that the physiological and psychological components of emotion occur simultaneously.

Stanley Schachter and Robert Zajonc worked together to postulate the two-factor theory of emotion.

Which of the following is one of the major theories that predicts workers' satisfaction at their jobs?

A(n) _________ is a person who requires far less than the average eight hours of sleep per night that most people need for optimal functioning.

The __________ theory states that workers decide how satisfied they feel with their jobs by comparing themselves to others.

While in graduate school,Allison used to brag to her friends that she only needed 4 hours of sleep a night,which allowed her extra study time.If Allison was being honest about her sleep needs,she would be classified as a(n) __________.