Question 1

Absolute deprivation refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

Accepted Answer

Absolute deprivation is the lack of basic necessities required for survival, such as food, water, shelter, and health care. It is not related to a comparison with others' achievements.

Question 2

Resource mobilization theory is based on the assumption that a social movement is an interactive,symbolically defined,and negotiated process that involves participants,opponents,and bystanders.

Accepted Answer

Resource mobilization theory focuses on the resources, organization, and strategies needed for a social movement's success, not on symbolic interaction or negotiation processes.

Question 3

Rumors thrive when tensions are low and when an abundance of authentic information is available on an issue of great concern.

Accepted Answer

Rumors thrive when tensions are high and when there is a lack of authentic information available on an issue of great concern. When there is an abundance of authentic information, rumors tend to be debunked and lose their power.

Question 4

Sociologists define social change as the alteration,modification,or transformation of public policy,culture,or social institutions over time;such change is usually brought about by collective behavior and social movements.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of social change according to sociologists.

Question 5

A classic example of mass hysteria with a widely dispersed audience was the audience reaction to actor Orson Welles's 1938 radio dramatization of H.G.Wells's science fiction classic "The War of the Worlds."

Accepted Answer

Orson Welles's radio dramatization of "The War of the Worlds" caused widespread panic among listeners who believed that a Martian invasion was actually occurring. This event is often cited as an example of mass hysteria with a widely dispersed audience.

Question 6

Sociologists distinguish among movements on the basis of their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce.Some movements seek to change people whereas others seek to change society.

Accepted Answer

Sociologists do indeed distinguish among movements based on their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce, and this can lead to distinctions between movements that seek to change individuals (such as self-help and personal growth movements) and movements that seek to bring about systemic change in society (such as civil rights and environmental movements).

Question 7

Religious (expressive)movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior.For example,early in the 20^thcentury,the Women's Christian Temperance Union attempted to get people to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Religious (expressive)movements seek limited change in some...

Question 8

Frame bridging refers to the process whereby the creation and maintenance of new values,beliefs,and meanings induce movement participation by redefining activities and events in such a manner that people believe they must become involved in collective action.

Accepted Answer

Frame bridging refers to the process of linking ideologically congruent but structurally unconnected frames regarding a particular issue, not the creation of new values or beliefs.

Question 9

A collectivity is a number of people who act together and may mutually transcend,bypass,or subvert established institutional patterns and structures.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes what a collectivity is.

Question 10

The United States still has one of the best public education systems in the world for the top 15 percent of the students,but it badly fails the bottom 25 percent.

Accepted Answer

This statement is supported by data from international education rankings which show that the US performs well in terms of top-performing students, but struggles to provide adequate education for low-performing or disadvantaged students.

Question 11

Very similar to the organizational behavior found in corporations and voluntary associations (such as labor unions and environmental organizations),collective behavior also has an official division of labor,hierarchy of authority,and established rules and procedures.

Accepted Answer

Collective behavior is characterized by a lack of formal organization and structure, and often involves spontaneous and uncoordinated actions by individuals or groups. It does not typically have an official division of labor, hierarchy of authority, or established rules and procedures.

Question 12

When successful framing occurs,the individual's vague dissatisfactions are turned into well­ defined grievances,and people are compelled to join the movement in an effort to reduce or eliminate those grievances.

Accepted Answer

Successful framing can turn abstract or diffuse dissatisfaction into specific, actionable grievances that motivate people to take action and join a movement.

Question 13

A fad is defined as a currently valued style of behavior,thinking,or appearance.Unlike fashions,fads tend to be longer lasting.Fashions are a temporary but widely copied activity enthusiastically followed by large numbers of people.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Fads are typically short-lived, whereas fashion trends may have a longer lifespan.

Question 14

Scholar Gustave Le Bon asserted that emotions such as fear and hate are contagious in crowds because people experience an increase in personal responsibility;they will do things by themselves that they would never do as a collectivity.

Accepted Answer

Gustave Le Bon argued that individuals in crowds experience a decrease in personal responsibility, leading them to act in ways they might not individually, due to the influence of the collective mindset.

Question 15

According to sociologist Robert Park,social unrest is transmitted by a process of circular reaction
-the interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one person is
communicated to another who,in turn,reflects the discontent back to the first person.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes Robert Park's concept of circular reaction and how social unrest can be transmitted.

Question 16

Public opinion consists of the attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers.It is measured through polls and surveys,which use research methods such as interviews and questionnaires.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the concept of public opinion and the methods used to measure it.

Question 17

People engaging in collective behavior may be divided into crowds and masses.A crowd is a number of people who share an interest in a specific idea or issue but who are not in one another's immediate vicinity.By contrast,a mass is a relatively large number of people who are in one another's immediate vicinity.

Accepted Answer

A crowd is a group of people who are in one another's immediate vicinity, while a mass refers to a large number of people who share an interest but are not necessarily in close physical proximity.

Question 18

Social movements are more likely to develop in preindustrial societies than in industrialized societies,where acceptance of traditional beliefs and practices makes such movements unlikely.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Social movements are actually more common in industrialized societies because the rapid social change and urbanization can lead to political and social discontent, leading to collective action and mobilization. In preindustrial societies, traditional practices and beliefs may be more culturally ingrained and accepted, making it less likely for social movements to develop.

Question 19

When social movements reach the institutionalization (bureaucratization)stage,the initial zeal and idealism of members may diminish as administrators take over management of the organization.Early grassroots supporters may become disillusioned and drop out.

Accepted Answer

As social movements become more bureaucratic and institutionalized, some members may lose their initial passion and become disillusioned with the organization. This can lead to dropouts and a loss of support from the grassroots level.

Question 20

Based on sociologist Neil Smelser's value­added theory,the structured strain condition states that when a society or community is unable to meet people's expectations that something should be done about a problem,strain occurs in the system.The ensuing tension and conflict contribute to the development of a social movement based on people's belief that the problem would not exist if authorities had done what they were supposed to do.

Accepted Answer

This accurately summarizes Neil Smelser's value-added theory of social movements, which includes the structured strain condition as a key factor in the development of such movements.

Quiz 20: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change

Absolute deprivation refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

Resource mobilization theory is based on the assumption that a social movement is an interactive,symbolically defined,and negotiated process that involves participants,opponents,and bystanders.

Rumors thrive when tensions are low and when an abundance of authentic information is available on an issue of great concern.

Sociologists define social change as the alteration,modification,or transformation of public policy,culture,or social institutions over time;such change is usually brought about by collective behavior and social movements.

A classic example of mass hysteria with a widely dispersed audience was the audience reaction to actor Orson Welles's 1938 radio dramatization of H.G.Wells's science fiction classic "The War of the Worlds."

Sociologists distinguish among movements on the basis of their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce.Some movements seek to change people whereas others seek to change society.

Religious (expressive)movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior.For example,early in the 20^thcentury,the Women's Christian Temperance Union attempted to get people to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

Frame bridging refers to the process whereby the creation and maintenance of new values,beliefs,and meanings induce movement participation by redefining activities and events in such a manner that people believe they must become involved in collective action.

A collectivity is a number of people who act together and may mutually transcend,bypass,or subvert established institutional patterns and structures.

The United States still has one of the best public education systems in the world for the top 15 percent of the students,but it badly fails the bottom 25 percent.

Very similar to the organizational behavior found in corporations and voluntary associations (such as labor unions and environmental organizations),collective behavior also has an official division of labor,hierarchy of authority,and established rules and procedures.

When successful framing occurs,the individual's vague dissatisfactions are turned into well defined grievances,and people are compelled to join the movement in an effort to reduce or eliminate those grievances.

A fad is defined as a currently valued style of behavior,thinking,or appearance.Unlike fashions,fads tend to be longer lasting.Fashions are a temporary but widely copied activity enthusiastically followed by large numbers of people.

Scholar Gustave Le Bon asserted that emotions such as fear and hate are contagious in crowds because people experience an increase in personal responsibility;they will do things by themselves that they would never do as a collectivity.

According to sociologist Robert Park,social unrest is transmitted by a process of circular reaction -the interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one person is communicated to another who,in turn,reflects the discontent back to the first person.

Public opinion consists of the attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers.It is measured through polls and surveys,which use research methods such as interviews and questionnaires.

Social movements are more likely to develop in preindustrial societies than in industrialized societies,where acceptance of traditional beliefs and practices makes such movements unlikely.

When social movements reach the institutionalization (bureaucratization)stage,the initial zeal and idealism of members may diminish as administrators take over management of the organization.Early grassroots supporters may become disillusioned and drop out.

Quiz 20: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change

Absolute deprivation refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

Resource mobilization theory is based on the assumption that a social movement is an interactive,symbolically defined,and negotiated process that involves participants,opponents,and bystanders.

Rumors thrive when tensions are low and when an abundance of authentic information is available on an issue of great concern.

Sociologists define social change as the alteration,modification,or transformation of public policy,culture,or social institutions over time;such change is usually brought about by collective behavior and social movements.

A classic example of mass hysteria with a widely dispersed audience was the audience reaction to actor Orson Welles's 1938 radio dramatization of H.G.Wells's science fiction classic "The War of the Worlds."

Sociologists distinguish among movements on the basis of their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce.Some movements seek to change people whereas others seek to change society.

Religious (expressive)movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior.For example,early in the 20th century,the Women's Christian Temperance Union attempted to get people to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

Frame bridging refers to the process whereby the creation and maintenance of new values,beliefs,and meanings induce movement participation by redefining activities and events in such a manner that people believe they must become involved in collective action.

A collectivity is a number of people who act together and may mutually transcend,bypass,or subvert established institutional patterns and structures.

The United States still has one of the best public education systems in the world for the top 15 percent of the students,but it badly fails the bottom 25 percent.

Very similar to the organizational behavior found in corporations and voluntary associations (such as labor unions and environmental organizations),collective behavior also has an official division of labor,hierarchy of authority,and established rules and procedures.

When successful framing occurs,the individual's vague dissatisfactions are turned into well­ defined grievances,and people are compelled to join the movement in an effort to reduce or eliminate those grievances.

A fad is defined as a currently valued style of behavior,thinking,or appearance.Unlike fashions,fads tend to be longer lasting.Fashions are a temporary but widely copied activity enthusiastically followed by large numbers of people.

Scholar Gustave Le Bon asserted that emotions such as fear and hate are contagious in crowds because people experience an increase in personal responsibility;they will do things by themselves that they would never do as a collectivity.

According to sociologist Robert Park,social unrest is transmitted by a process of circular reaction -the interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one person is communicated to another who,in turn,reflects the discontent back to the first person.

Public opinion consists of the attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers.It is measured through polls and surveys,which use research methods such as interviews and questionnaires.

Social movements are more likely to develop in preindustrial societies than in industrialized societies,where acceptance of traditional beliefs and practices makes such movements unlikely.

When social movements reach the institutionalization (bureaucratization)stage,the initial zeal and idealism of members may diminish as administrators take over management of the organization.Early grassroots supporters may become disillusioned and drop out.

Religious (expressive)movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior.For example,early in the 20^thcentury,the Women's Christian Temperance Union attempted to get people to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

When successful framing occurs,the individual's vague dissatisfactions are turned into well defined grievances,and people are compelled to join the movement in an effort to reduce or eliminate those grievances.