Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding sociologist Karl Marx's views on overpopulation is FALSE?
A)The food supply is threatened by overpopulation.
B)Overpopulation occurs because capitalists desire to have a surplus of workers so as to suppress wages and force workers to be more productive.
C)Poverty is the most important issue with regard to food supply in a capitalist economy.
D)Technology makes it possible to produce the food and other goods needed by a growing population.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx did not believe that overpopulation threatened the food supply; instead, he argued that issues like poverty and inequality in capitalist systems were more significant factors affecting resource distribution.

Question 2

According to economist Thomas Malthus,the population,if left unchecked,would exceed the:
A)earth's carrying capacity
B)available food supply
C)ecological balance
D)earth's water supply

Accepted Answer

Thomas Malthus theorized that population growth would outpace agricultural production, leading to insufficient food supply.

Question 3

______________ are a series of bar graphs divided into five-year age cohorts,with the left side depicting the number or percentage of males in each age bracket;the right side provides the same information for females.
A)Demographic diagrams
B)Population pyramids
C)Ecological portraits
D)Actuarial graphs

Accepted Answer

This description matches the definition of a population pyramid, which is a commonly used visualization tool for age and gender structure of a population. The other options are not related to this concept.

Question 4

The______________is an important reflection of a society's level of preventive (prenatal)medical care,maternal nutrition,childbirth procedures,and neonatal care for infants.
A)infant death quotient
B)child death index
C)infant mortality rate
D)underage mortality rate

Accepted Answer

The infant mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year. It reflects the level of preventive medical care, maternal nutrition, childbirth procedures, and neonatal care for infants. Option A (infant death quotient) and B (child death index) are not commonly used terms to measure infant mortality, and option D (underage mortality rate) is too broad as it includes all deaths under the age of 18.

Question 5

People migrate either voluntarily or involuntarily.All of the following are "push" factors of voluntary migration at the international level EXCEPT:
A)political unrest
B)violence
C)war
D)a more temperate climate

Accepted Answer

A more temperate climate is a "pull" factor, not a "push" factor. "Push" factors are negative conditions that force or encourage people to leave their home country, while "pull" factors are positive conditions that attract people to a new country. Political unrest, violence, and war are all examples of "push" factors that can cause people to migrate voluntarily.

Question 6

______________ is the number of people living in a specific geographic area.
A)Distribution
B)Migration
C)Emigration
D)Density

Accepted Answer

Density refers to the number of people living in a specific geographic area.

Question 7

______________ refers to the physical location of people throughout a geographic area.
A)Migration
B)Distribution
C)Density
D)Immigration

Accepted Answer

Distribution is the arrangement or spread of people in a given geographic area. It refers to the way people are located and how they are situated relative to each other. Migration and immigration both refer to movement of people, while density refers to the concentration of people in a particular area.

Question 8

Mariela and her family are leaving the United States to pursue a job opportunity elsewhere.The job is a______________factor.
A)emigration
B)push
C)pull
D)immigration

Accepted Answer

A pull factor is something that attracts individuals or families to migrate to a new location, such as a job opportunity. In this case, Mariela and her family are leaving the United States to pursue a job opportunity elsewhere, which is a pull factor. Emigration refers to the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another, while immigration refers to the act of entering a new country with the intention of staying there permanently. Push factors are the opposite of pull factors, and refer to reasons that make individuals or families want to leave their current location, such as war, poverty or persecution.

Question 9

The______________refers to the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.
A)underage mortality rate
B)infant mortality rate
C)child death index
D)infant death quotient

Accepted Answer

The infant mortality rate is the most commonly used measure of the health and well-being of a population, and it represents the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year. The other options are not correct terms for this specific measure.

Question 10

______________ usually occurs as a result of political oppression,such as when Jews fled Nazi Germany in the 1930s or when Afghans left their country to escape oppression there in the early 2000s.
A)Internal migration
B)Voluntary migration
C)Involuntary migration
D)External migration

Accepted Answer

Involuntary migration occurs when people are forced to leave their homes or country due to political oppression, war, or other external factors beyond their control. The examples given, of Jews fleeing Nazi Germany and Afghans leaving their country to escape oppression, are both instances of involuntary migration.

Question 11

One measure of population composition is the______________,which is the number of males for every hundred females in a given population.
A)sex ratio
B)rate of gender composition
C)population composition
D)refined gender rate

Accepted Answer

Sex ratio is the measure of population composition which gives the number of males per hundred females in a given population.

Question 12

According to some contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective,the greatest crisis today facing low-income nations is______________,which refers to the lack of adequate money or property to maintain a business.
A)natural disaster
B)war
C)food shortage
D)capital shortage

Accepted Answer

According to some contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective, the greatest crisis facing low-income nations today is capital shortage, which refers to the lack of adequate money or property to maintain a business. This can lead to underdevelopment, high poverty rates, and a lack of access to basic necessities such as food and healthcare. Natural disasters and war can certainly exacerbate these issues, but the root cause is often a lack of capital.

Question 13

In 2011,the U.S.infant mortality rate for black infants was______________deaths per 1,000 live births,as compared with______________deaths per 1,000 for white infants.
A)11.4;5.11
B)4.8;13.2
C)1.0;1.0
D).5;.1

Accepted Answer

In 2011, the U.S. infant mortality rate for black infants was 11.4 deaths per 1,000 live births, compared to 5.11 deaths per 1,000 for white infants, reflecting a significant disparity.

Question 14

______________ was one of the first scholars to systematically study the effects of population.He argued that "the power of population is infinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce subsistence (food)for man."
A)Emile Durkheim
B)Max Weber
C)Karl Marx
D)Thomas Malthus

Accepted Answer

Thomas Malthus was one of the first scholars to study the effects of population on society and economy. He believed that population would eventually outstrip the ability of the earth to produce enough food for everyone, leading to famine and suffering. This theory became known as the Malthusian catastrophe.

Question 15

Changes in fertility,mortality,and migration affect the______________,which refers to the biological and social characteristics of a population,including age,sex,race,marital status,education,occupation,income,and size of household.
A)gender/sex composition
B)sex ratio
C)population composition
D)rate of natural increase

Accepted Answer

Changes in fertility, mortality, and migration affect the population composition, which refers to the biological and social characteristics of a population, including age, sex, race, marital status, education, occupation, income, and size of household. The gender/sex composition and sex ratio are specific components of population composition, but population composition is a broader term that encompasses all of these characteristics. The rate of natural increase refers specifically to the difference between birth rate and death rate in a population.

Question 16

According to economist Thomas Malthus,all of the following are positive checks on population EXCEPT:
A)famine
B)disease
C)war
D)moral restraint

Accepted Answer

Moral restraint is not a positive check on population according to Malthus, as it refers to individuals purposely limiting their number of children in order to avoid overpopulation. Malthus believed that positive checks were necessary to prevent overpopulation, as they were natural occurrences outside of human control that reduced population numbers. Examples of positive checks include famine, disease, and war.

Question 17

Economist Thomas Malthus argued that the population would increase in a geometric (exponential)progression while the food supply would increase only by an arithmetic progression;thus,a______________occurs.
A)doubling effect
B)positive check
C)preventive check
D)moral restraint

Accepted Answer

The answer of Economist Thomas Malthus argued that the population...

Question 18

For economist Thomas Malthus,the only acceptable preventive check on population was:
A)famine
B)disease
C)war
D)moral restraint

Accepted Answer

According to Malthus, moral restraint, which means voluntarily limiting the number of children, was the only acceptable preventative check on population growth. He believed that without moral restraint, the population would inevitably outgrow its resources and lead to famine, disease, and war. Malthus did not advocate for famine, disease or war as methods of population control, but instead believed that individuals and society as a whole should exercise discipline and exhibit moral restraint in order to control population growth.

Question 19

______________ is an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year.
A)Life expectancy
B)Longevity determination
C)Life prospects
D)Life projection

Accepted Answer

Life expectancy is the term used to represent the estimated average lifespan of individuals born in a particular year.

Question 20

______________ is the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency.It affects the size and distribution of the population in a given area.
A)Immigration
B)Distribution
C)Migration
D)Emigration

Accepted Answer

Migration refers to the intentional movement of individuals from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency. This movement affects the size and distribution of the population in both the area of origin and destination. Immigration refers specifically to the movement of individuals into a country or region, while emigration refers to movement out of a country or region. Distribution refers to the arrangement or spread of people or things in a given area.

Quiz 19: Population and Urbanization

Which of the following statements regarding sociologist Karl Marx's views on overpopulation is FALSE?

According to economist Thomas Malthus,the population,if left unchecked,would exceed the:

______________ are a series of bar graphs divided into five-year age cohorts,with the left side depicting the number or percentage of males in each age bracket;the right side provides the same information for females.

The______________is an important reflection of a society's level of preventive (prenatal) medical care,maternal nutrition,childbirth procedures,and neonatal care for infants.

People migrate either voluntarily or involuntarily.All of the following are "push" factors of voluntary migration at the international level EXCEPT:

______________ is the number of people living in a specific geographic area.

______________ refers to the physical location of people throughout a geographic area.

Mariela and her family are leaving the United States to pursue a job opportunity elsewhere.The job is a______________factor.

The______________refers to the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

______________ usually occurs as a result of political oppression,such as when Jews fled Nazi Germany in the 1930s or when Afghans left their country to escape oppression there in the early 2000s.

One measure of population composition is the______________,which is the number of males for every hundred females in a given population.

According to some contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective,the greatest crisis today facing low-income nations is______________,which refers to the lack of adequate money or property to maintain a business.

In 2011,the U.S.infant mortality rate for black infants wasdeaths per 1,000 live births,as compared withdeaths per 1,000 for white infants.

______________ was one of the first scholars to systematically study the effects of population.He argued that "the power of population is infinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce subsistence (food) for man."

Changes in fertility,mortality,and migration affect the______________,which refers to the biological and social characteristics of a population,including age,sex,race,marital status,education,occupation,income,and size of household.

According to economist Thomas Malthus,all of the following are positive checks on population EXCEPT:

Economist Thomas Malthus argued that the population would increase in a geometric (exponential) progression while the food supply would increase only by an arithmetic progression;thus,a______________occurs.

For economist Thomas Malthus,the only acceptable preventive check on population was:

______________ is an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year.

______________ is the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency.It affects the size and distribution of the population in a given area.