Question 1

Several stages may occur in the labeling process.______________deviance refers to the initial act of rule-breaking.
A)Career
B)Secondary
C)Primary
D)Tertiary

Accepted Answer

Primary deviance refers to the initial act of rule-breaking, while the labeling process includes secondary and tertiary deviance stages. Career deviance is not a stage in the labeling process, but refers to the overall pattern of rule-breaking behavior over time.

Question 2

A person who shoplifts an item of clothing from a department store is apprehended and labeled as a "thief," and subsequently accepts that label.Then the person shoplifts more items from stores on numerous occasions.This is an example of:
A)tertiary deviance
B)secondary deviance
C)career deviance
D)primary deviance

Accepted Answer

Secondary deviance occurs when a person accepts a label given to them (such as "thief") and continues to engage in deviant behavior, reinforcing the label.

Question 3

A______________is a minor crime that typically is punished by less than one year in jail.
A)felony
B)misdemeanor
C)civil infraction
D)tort

Accepted Answer

A misdemeanor is a minor crime that is typically punished by less than one year in jail. Felonies, on the other hand, are more serious crimes that carry a punishment of one year or more in prison. Civil infractions are non-criminal violations of a law or ordinance, and torts are civil wrongs that allow for victims to seek compensation or damages.

Question 4

In 2011,about______________million arrests were made in the United States for all criminal infractions (excluding traffic violations).
A)5.8
B)12.4
C)33.9
D)4.5

Accepted Answer

In 2011, approximately 12.4 million arrests were made in the United States for all criminal infractions, excluding traffic violations.

Question 5

______________ crimes involve an illegal action voluntarily engaged in by the participants.Many people assert that such conduct should not be labeled a crime;these offenses are often referred to as victimless crimes because they involve a willing exchange of illegal goods or services among adults.
A)Property
B)Public order
C)Violent
D)Organized

Accepted Answer

Public order crimes, also known as victimless crimes, refer to offenses that involve a willing exchange of illegal goods or services among adults, where no one person is harmed or unwillingly involved. Examples of these crimes include prostitution, gambling, drug use, and public intoxication. Many argue that these types of crimes should not be punishable by law as they do not directly harm anyone else.

Question 6

From the______________approach,institutions such as schools,prisons,and mental hospitals use knowledge,norms,and values to categorize people into "deviant" subgroups such as slow learners,convicted felons,or criminally insane individuals,and then control them through specific patterns of discipline.
A)symbolic interactionist
B)conflict theoretical
C)functional theoretical
D)postmodern theoretical

Accepted Answer

The postmodern theoretical approach focuses on how institutions categorize and control individuals through knowledge and norms, aligning with the description provided.

Question 7

A few people engage in______________deviance,which occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant seeks to normalize the behavior by relabeling it as nondeviant.
A)career
B)primary
C)tertiary
D)secondary

Accepted Answer

Tertiary deviance occurs when a person who has been labeled as deviant attempts to redefine their deviant behavior as acceptable or nondeviant.

Question 8

Crimes such as rape,homicide,and aggravated assault are examples of:
A)differential association
B)misdemeanors
C)intermediates
D)felonies

Accepted Answer

Felonies are serious criminal offenses such as rape, homicide, and aggravated assault that are typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year.

Question 9

______________ crimes consist of actions of force or the threat of force against others,including murder,rape,robbery,and aggravated assault.These crimes are probably the most anxiety- provoking of all criminal behavior.
A)Organized
B)Morals
C)Violent
D)Property

Accepted Answer

Violent crimes involve the use or threat of physical force, such as murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. These types of crimes are often the most feared and have a significant impact on the victim and the community. Organized crimes involve groups or organizations that engage in illegal activities, while moral crimes involve conduct that violates societal norms but may not necessarily be illegal. Property crimes involve the theft or damage of property.

Question 10

All of the following crimes are considered to be felonies EXCEPT:
A)rape
B)homicide
C)aggravated assault
D)driving under the influence

Accepted Answer

Driving under the influence is not always considered a felony; it depends on the circumstances and the state where the offense was committed. In some cases, it may be considered a misdemeanor.

Question 11

A person may shoplift an item of clothing from a department store but not be apprehended or labeled as a deviant.However,the person may decide to forgo such behavior in the future.This example illustrates what stage of deviance?
A)primary stage
B)career stage
C)secondary stage
D)tertiary stage

Accepted Answer

Primary deviance refers to minor norm violations that do not result in the individual being labeled as deviant, and the person may not see themselves as deviant.

Question 12

A______________is a serious crime for which punishment typically ranges from more than a year's imprisonment to death.
A)civil infraction
B)felony
C)tort
D)misdemeanor

Accepted Answer

A felony is a serious crime that is punishable by imprisonment for more than a year or even death in some cases. Civil infractions and torts are not considered crimes, while misdemeanors are less serious offenses that typically result in less severe punishments.

Question 13

The Uniform Crime Report gives______________of crime in the United States.
A)some indication
B)an accurate depiction
C)a skewed picture
D)no statistics

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Crime Report provides some indication of crime in the United States, but it may not be entirely accurate or comprehensive due to underreporting and other factors.

Question 14

______________ deviance occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant accepts that new identity and continues the deviant behavior.
A)Career
B)Primary
C)Tertiary
D)Secondary

Accepted Answer

Secondary deviance refers to the behavior that results from a person's acceptance of a deviant label. This is when the person adopts the label as an identity and continues to engage in the deviant behavior. Career deviance refers to organized criminal behavior, primary deviance refers to the initial act of deviance, and tertiary deviance refers to the process of redefining the behavior as normalized or acceptable.

Question 15

The Uniform Crime Report focuses on:
A)violent and property crimes
B)all crime reported and non-reported
C)sex crimes only
D)traffic violations

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Crime Report primarily focuses on violent crimes (such as murder, rape, and assault) and property crimes (such as burglary, theft, and arson). It does not cover all crimes, such as white-collar or cyber crimes, and does not include traffic violations.

Question 16

John is a drug addict who believes that using marijuana or other illegal drugs is no more deviant than drinking alcoholic beverages and therefore should not be stigmatized.John would be in the of labeling.
A)tertiary stage
B)career stage
C)primary stage
D)secondary stage

Accepted Answer

In the tertiary stage of labeling, individuals attempt to normalize their deviant behavior by rejecting the stigma and arguing that their behavior should not be considered deviant.

Question 17

______________ crimes include burglary (breaking into private property to commit a serious crime),motor vehicle theft,larceny-theft (theft of property worth $50 or more),and arson.
A)Felony
B)Status
C)Property
D)Public order

Accepted Answer

Property crimes are offenses that involve the taking of or damage to someone else's property without the use or threat of force against the victim. Burglary, motor vehicle theft, larceny-theft, and arson are all considered property crimes. Felonies, status offenses, and public order crimes can involve a broader range of offenses, including those that do not involve property.

Question 18

The______________is the major source of information on crimes reported in the United States.
A)Law Enforcement Administration Analysis
B)American Criminological Society Bulletin
C)Uniform Crime Report
D)U.S.Census Bureau Annual Report

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is the major source of information on crimes reported in the United States. The UCR is compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and is the most widely used source of crime statistics in the country. It collects data from law enforcement agencies across the United States and provides information on crime rates, trends, and patterns at the national, state, and local levels.

Question 19

______________ crimes include robbery,burglary,larceny,motor vehicle theft,and arson.In most of these crimes,the primary motive is to obtain money or some other desired valuable.
A)Morals
B)Organized
C)Violent
D)Property

Accepted Answer

The crimes listed in the statement are all property crimes, meaning the objective is to obtain someone else's property or valuable without the use or threat of violence (unlike violent crimes, where the objective is to cause harm or death to the victim).

Question 20

In a classic study of the "Saints and the Roughnecks," sociologist William Chambliss concluded that:
A)since both groups engaged in similar behavior,their members were equally stigmatized by deviant labels regardless of their class background
B)the Roughnecks were stigmatized by a deviant label because they committed more offenses than the Saints
C)although both groups engaged in similar behavior,only the Roughnecks-who came from lower­income families-were stigmatized by a deviant label
D)the Saints were stigmatized by a deviant label because they committed more offenses than the Roughnecks

Accepted Answer

Chambliss found that despite similar behaviors, the Roughnecks were stigmatized due to their lower socioeconomic status, while the Saints, from higher-income families, were not.

Quiz 7: Deviance and Crime

Several stages may occur in the labeling process.______________deviance refers to the initial act of rule-breaking.

A person who shoplifts an item of clothing from a department store is apprehended and labeled as a "thief," and subsequently accepts that label.Then the person shoplifts more items from stores on numerous occasions.This is an example of:

A______________is a minor crime that typically is punished by less than one year in jail.

In 2011,about______________million arrests were made in the United States for all criminal infractions (excluding traffic violations) .

______________ crimes involve an illegal action voluntarily engaged in by the participants.Many people assert that such conduct should not be labeled a crime;these offenses are often referred to as victimless crimes because they involve a willing exchange of illegal goods or services among adults.

From the______________approach,institutions such as schools,prisons,and mental hospitals use knowledge,norms,and values to categorize people into "deviant" subgroups such as slow learners,convicted felons,or criminally insane individuals,and then control them through specific patterns of discipline.

A few people engage in______________deviance,which occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant seeks to normalize the behavior by relabeling it as nondeviant.

Crimes such as rape,homicide,and aggravated assault are examples of:

______________ crimes consist of actions of force or the threat of force against others,including murder,rape,robbery,and aggravated assault.These crimes are probably the most anxiety- provoking of all criminal behavior.

All of the following crimes are considered to be felonies EXCEPT:

A person may shoplift an item of clothing from a department store but not be apprehended or labeled as a deviant.However,the person may decide to forgo such behavior in the future.This example illustrates what stage of deviance?

A______________is a serious crime for which punishment typically ranges from more than a year's imprisonment to death.

The Uniform Crime Report gives______________of crime in the United States.

______________ deviance occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant accepts that new identity and continues the deviant behavior.

The Uniform Crime Report focuses on:

John is a drug addict who believes that using marijuana or other illegal drugs is no more deviant than drinking alcoholic beverages and therefore should not be stigmatized.John would be in the of labeling.

______________ crimes include burglary (breaking into private property to commit a serious crime) ,motor vehicle theft,larceny-theft (theft of property worth $50 or more) ,and arson.

The______________is the major source of information on crimes reported in the United States.

______________ crimes include robbery,burglary,larceny,motor vehicle theft,and arson.In most of these crimes,the primary motive is to obtain money or some other desired valuable.

In a classic study of the "Saints and the Roughnecks," sociologist William Chambliss concluded that: