Question 1

Early conflict theorist______________stressed that ideas are cultural creations of a society's most powerful members.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx, an early conflict theorist, emphasized that ideas are cultural creations of a society's most powerful members. He argued that the dominant ideas in a society reflect the interests of the ruling class and are used to maintain their power over the subordinate classes.

Question 2

State the definition of norms and distinguish between folkways,mores,and taboos.

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Question 3

Distinguish between high culture and popular culture and give examples of each.

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Question 4

Identify and compare the forms that popular culture takes.

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Question 5

Distinguish between discovery,invention,and diffusion as means of cultural change.

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Question 6

Describe the importance of culture in determining how people think and act on a daily basis and explain why rules are essential to a society.

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Question 7

Define culture and describe how it can be both a stabilizing force and a source of conflict in societies.

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Question 8

Define material and nonmaterial culture and provide examples of each.

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Question 9

Define cultural lag and give an example that illustrates how cultural lag is a component of cultural change.

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Question 10

A strength of the______________on culture is its focus on the needs of society and the fact that stability is essential for society's continued survival.

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective views culture as a set of shared values, norms, beliefs, and customs that provide stability and order to society, ensuring its continued survival. Its emphasis is on the needs of society as a whole, with the belief that cultural practices are functional in meeting those needs.

Question 11

Define subculture and counterculture.Provide modern examples of each.

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Question 12

Contrast ideal culture and real culture and provide examples of each.

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Question 13

From the______________perspective,people create,maintain,and modify culture as they go about their everyday activities.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals create and interpret symbols and meanings in their daily interactions, including the creation and maintenance of culture.

Question 14

______________ theorists believe that much of what has been written about culture in the Western world is Eurocentric-based on the uncritical assumption that European culture is the true,universal culture in which all of the world's people ought to believe.

Accepted Answer

Postmodernist theorists hold the belief that many concepts and beliefs in Western societies are based on Eurocentric assumptions, and that there is no single universal truth or culture. They critique the idea that one culture is superior to others and argue that knowledge and beliefs are shaped by social and historical factors.

Question 15

Define cultural diversity and contrast homogeneous societies with heterogeneous societies.

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Question 16

All societies,including the United States,have value contradictions.Define and provide an example of a value contradiction.

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Question 17

______________ perspectives are based on the assumption that social life is a continuous struggle in which members of powerful groups seek to control scarce resources.

Accepted Answer

Conflict perspectives view society as a constant competition for resources among different groups, with those in power seeking to maintain their dominance over those who are not.

Question 18

State the definitions for culture shock,ethnocentrism,and cultural relativism,and explain the relationship between these three concepts.

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Question 19

Explain the relationship between language and gender.Include a discussion on the cultural assumptions about women and men and the use of language.

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Question 20

Define language and show how it can help shape our social reality.

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Quiz 3: Culture