Question 1

______________ defines a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and a sense of purpose in society.

Accepted Answer

Anomie is defined as a condition in which social norms and values are weakened or absent, leading to a breakdown in social cohesion and normlessness. This can result in individuals feeling disconnected from society and lacking a sense of purpose or direction.

Question 2

German social scientist______________emphasized that sociology should be value-free,i.e. ,research should be conducted in a scientific manner and should exclude the researcher's personal values and economic interests.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber emphasized that sociology should be value-free and free from the researcher's personal values and economic interests. This concept is known as the principle of value neutrality. Weber argued that research should be conducted in a scientific and objective manner to ensure the accuracy and validity of the findings. He believed that by being value-free, sociologists can better understand and interpret social phenomena, without being biased by their own values and beliefs.

Question 3

According to Karl Marx's ideas,he believed that class conflict is necessary in order to produce social change and a better society.Specifically,which of the following social forces was most important to create social change?

Accepted Answer

According to Marx, the economic or class struggle between the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (working class) is the most important force in creating social change. He believed that the exploitation of the working class by the bourgeoisie would eventually lead to a revolution where the working class would overthrow the ruling class and establish a classless society. This would create a better society according to Marx's ideas.

Question 4

The theory that history is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas and forces was developed by:

Accepted Answer

This theory is known as dialectical materialism and was developed by Karl Marx.

Question 5

The______________are the tools,land,factories,and money for investment that form the economic basis of a society.

Accepted Answer

The means of production are the tools, land, factories, and money for investment that are used to create goods and services in an economy. This concept is closely associated with Marxist theory and the idea that control over the means of production is a key factor in determining social and economic power.

Question 6

Karl Marx coined the phrase the "fetishism of commodities" to describe the situation wherein:

Accepted Answer

According to Marx, the "fetishism of commodities" refers to the way in which people assign a mystical or magical quality to commodities, as if they have value in and of themselves, independent of the human labor that went into producing them. Workers, in particular, may fail to recognize that it is their labor that gives the commodity its value, and instead treat it as something that simply exists on its own.

Question 7

A community that comes together to build a barn for one of its members after it has been destroyed by fire would be characteristic of a preindustrial society.Durkheim would conclude their members have:

Accepted Answer

Durkheim would conclude that the community members have shared moral beliefs and values if they come together to build a barn for one of its members after it has been destroyed by fire. This is because Durkheim emphasized the importance of social solidarity, which is the degree to which individuals in a society feel connected to each other and share common beliefs and values. When individuals in a community come together to help a member in need, it reflects a sense of solidarity and shared values.

Question 8

In the Marxian framework,the______________comprise(s)those who own and control the means of production.

Accepted Answer

According to Marxian framework, bourgeoisie comprises those who own and control the means of production.

Question 9

According to Max Weber,______________is the process by which the modern world has come to be increasingly dominated by structures devoted to efficiency,calculability,predictability,and technological control.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber described rationalization as the process by which society becomes increasingly organized by rational principles, such as efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. This includes the rise of bureaucracy, specialization, and the use of technology to control and manage social systems.

Question 10

Max Weber stressed that sociologists should employ______________(understanding or insight)to gain the ability to see the world as others see it.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber advocated for the use of verstehen, the German term for understanding or insight, as a methodological approach for sociologists to see the world from the perspective of the individuals they are studying. This approach emphasizes the importance of empathy and subjective interpretation in social analysis, and recognizes that social reality is constructed through the interactions and meanings that people give to their experiences.

Question 11

According to the text,one reason why more people are not actively protesting our current economic plight may be their feeling of______________-an individual's feeling of powerlessness and estrangement.

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that one reason why more people are not actively protesting our current economic plight may be their feeling of alienation, which refers to an individual's feeling of powerlessness and estrangement. The other options (class conflict, future shock, and the bourgeoisie syndrome) are not mentioned as reasons for the lack of active protest in the text.

Question 12

______________ is regarded as the founder of the symbolic interaction perspective.

Accepted Answer

George Herbert Mead is regarded as the founder of the symbolic interaction perspective. Mead's work emphasized the importance of symbols, language, and social interactions in shaping individual identity and social behavior.

Question 13

This sociologist is described as the founding figure of the functionalist theoretical tradition.

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim is considered the founding figure of the functionalist theoretical tradition in sociology. He believed that society is like a living organism, with different parts working together to maintain stability and order. Durkheim focused on the ways in which social structures and institutions contribute to social cohesion and solidarity.

Question 14

The first department of sociology in the United States was established at______________,where the faculty was instrumental in starting the American Sociological Society (now known as the American Sociological Association).

Accepted Answer

The first department of sociology in the United States was established at the University of Chicago in 1892. The faculty there was instrumental in starting the American Sociological Society (now known as the American Sociological Association).

Question 15

From Marx's viewpoint,the______________is composed of those who must sell their labor because they have no other means to earn a livelihood.

Accepted Answer

Marx defines the proletariat as the working class who sell their labor power in exchange for wages or salaries, as they have no means of production or property. Therefore, the correct answer is C, the proletariat.

Question 16

______________ are patterned ways of acting,thinking,and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over each person.

Accepted Answer

The term "social facts" refers to the patterns of behavior, thought, and feeling that exist outside of any one individual but exert social control over each person. This concept was introduced by the sociologist Emile Durkheim to describe the ways in which society shapes individuals' actions and beliefs. Social networks, gatherings, and bondings are all related to social interaction, but do not necessarily imply the existence of social control over individuals.

Question 17

A note left at the scene of a suicide expressed the victim's concern that he felt little sense of moral guidance.He indicated that he was uncertain about what was right or wrong in today's world.Using Emile Durkheim's theory,sociologists might conclude that the suicide victim was feeling:

Accepted Answer

The victim's expression of feeling uncertain about what is right or wrong in today's world suggests a lack of moral guidance and a feeling of normlessness or anomie. Emile Durkheim argued that anomie is a state of normlessness that can lead to suicide.

Question 18

______________ is demonstrated by scorecards that allow lenders to score potential borrowers based on prior statistics of other people's performance in paying their bills.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________ is demonstrated by scorecards that allow...

Question 19

Robert works on the assembly line at the local automobile factory and trades his labor for wages.Robert is a______________because he does not own the factory.

Accepted Answer

The term "proletariat" refers to the working class who must sell their labor for wages and do not own the means of production. Robert fits this description, working on the assembly line and trading his labor for wages, while not owning the factory. A capitalist would be someone who owns and controls the means of production, while "zeitgeist" is a term referring to the prevailing attitudes and beliefs of a particular time period. "Bourgeoisie" refers to the class that owns the means of production and is therefore not applicable to Robert.

Question 20

The______________of credit cards means that if the cardholder is current on paying bills and the merchant accepts that kind of card,the cardholder will not be turned down on a purchase.

Accepted Answer

Predictability refers to the ability to make accurate predictions about the outcome of an action or event. In the case of credit cards, predictability means that the cardholder can predict that their card will be accepted for a purchase as long as they are current on paying their bills and the merchant accepts that type of card. This predictability is a key feature of credit cards and helps to build trust between the cardholder and the credit card company.

Quiz 1: The Sociological Perspective