Question 1

A primary function of the medulla is to _____.
A)control automatic bodily functions such as respiration and heart rate
B)coordinate fine motor movement in the fingers and face
C)regulate the functioning of the pons
D)coordinate sensory information between the sensory organs and cerebral cortices.

Accepted Answer

The medulla, part of the brainstem, is primarily responsible for controlling automatic bodily functions, including respiration and heart rate.

Question 2

This term refers to the fact that various parts of the brain are specialized for particular functions.
A)localization of function
B)specialized functioning
C)functional ablation
D)brain plasticity

Accepted Answer

Localization of function is the concept that different areas of the brain are specialized for specific functions.

Question 3

The _____ is a diffuse set of neurons in the core of the brain stem that screens incoming sensory information and arouses the cortex.
A)thalamus
B)corpus callosum
C)limbic system
D)reticular formation

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem. It plays a crucial role in controlling arousal and alertness by screening incoming sensory information and activating the cortex.

Question 4

This structure located in the hindbrain that is involved in respiration, movement, waking, sleep, and dreaming is the ________.
A)medulla
B)pons
C)cerebellum
D)reticular formation

Accepted Answer

The pons is a part of the hindbrain that plays a crucial role in various functions including respiration, movement, waking, sleep, and dreaming.

Question 5

In addition to coordinating movement and maintaining balance, the cerebellum may also play a role in _____.
A)breathing and blood pressure
B)hunger and satiety
C)hearing and vision
D)perception and cognition

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum, traditionally associated with coordination and balance, is also involved in higher cognitive functions such as attention, language, and possibly emotion, indicating its role in perception and cognition.

Question 6

This structure at the base of the brain, behind the brain stem, is responsible for maintaining fine muscle movements, balance, and some aspects of perception and cognition.
A)frontal lobe
B)motor control area
C)cerebellum
D)corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is located at the base of the brain, behind the brain stem, and is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, including fine muscle movements, balance, as well as playing roles in perception and cognition.

Question 7

Many symptoms of schizophrenia − like hearing voices, misunderstanding social cues, and misinterpreting sensory information − could be due to abnormalities in the _____.
A)reticular formation
B)hypothalamus
C)thalamus
D)medulla

Accepted Answer

The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information and plays a key role in processing and transmitting motor signals to the cerebral cortex. Abnormalities in the thalamus can lead to issues with sensory perception and interpretation, which are symptoms often associated with schizophrenia.

Question 8

This part of the brain is responsible for survival functions such as heart rate and respiration.
A)cerebellum
B)corpus callosum
C)medulla
D)thalamus

Accepted Answer

The medulla, part of the brainstem, controls essential survival functions including heart rate and respiration.

Question 9

Which of the following findings supports localization of function?
A)Removal of the parietal lobes of a laboratory dog results in a complete loss of function
B)Removal of the entire brain of a laboratory dog results in only a visual deficit
C)Electrically stimulating the motor area of a laboratory dog results in involuntary movements of the hind leg
D)Electrically stimulating the motor area results in motor movements and bodily sensations

Accepted Answer

Electrically stimulating the motor area of a laboratory dog resulting in involuntary movements of the hind leg supports the concept of localization of function, as it demonstrates that specific areas of the brain are responsible for controlling specific bodily functions or movements.

Question 10

The largest and most prominent part of the human brain is the _____.
A)cerebellum
B)hindbrain
C)midbrain
D)forebrain

Accepted Answer

The forebrain is the largest and most prominent part of the human brain, encompassing structures such as the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus, which are responsible for higher-order brain functions like thought, decision making, and emotion.

Question 11

Stimulating the _____ increases aggressive behavior.
A)amygdala
B)cerebellum
C)fornix
D)medulla

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is involved in emotion regulation, including fear and aggression. Stimulating it can increase aggressive behavior.

Question 12

Dmitryi has a fear - a diagnosable phobia - of being exposed to radioactive substances.As such, if he ever has a need for a neuroimaging procedure, which would he want to avoid?
A)PET
B)MRI
C)fMRI
D)IER

Accepted Answer

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scans involve the use of radioactive tracers, which would directly conflict with Dmitryi's phobia of being exposed to radioactive substances. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) do not use ionizing radiation or radioactive substances. IER is not a recognized standard neuroimaging procedure.

Question 13

Injury to the thalamus could theoretically cause all except which of the following?
A)deafness
B)blindness
C)anosmia (loss of smell)
D)ageusia (loss of taste)

Accepted Answer

The thalamus is a critical relay station for sensory information in the brain, including inputs for hearing, sight, and taste, but not for smell. Olfactory information bypasses the thalamus and goes directly to the olfactory cortex, making anosmia (loss of smell) unrelated to thalamic injury.

Question 14

The _____ is involved in coordinating eye and body movement and works with the pons to coordinate sleep and arousal.
A)cerebellum
B)midbrain
C)cortex
D)medulla

Accepted Answer

The midbrain is involved in coordinating eye and body movement and works with the pons to coordinate sleep and arousal.

Question 15

Which of the following structures is part of the forebrain?
A)hypothalamus
B)medulla
C)cerebellum
D)reticular Formation

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is part of the forebrain, which also includes structures such as the thalamus, cerebrum, and limbic system. The medulla and cerebellum are part of the hindbrain, while the reticular formation is located in the brainstem.

Question 16

Three structures associated with the hindbrain are the _____.
A)thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus
B)motor control, sensory, and projection areas
C)pons, medulla, and cerebellum
D)cerebrum, cerebellum, and corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

The hindbrain is comprised of the pons, medulla, and cerebellum, which are involved in functions such as motor control, sensory processing, and maintaining balance and posture.

Question 17

Which part of the brain is responsible for directing sensory information (except smell)from the sensory organs to the appropriate cerebral cortex for interpretation?
A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)cortex
D)hindbrain

Accepted Answer

The thalamus acts as a relay station, directing sensory information (except for smell, which bypasses the thalamus and goes directly to the olfactory bulb) from the sensory organs to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex for interpretation.

Question 18

While reading your newspaper in the morning, you notice a crash in the street outside.The part of your brain that refocuses your attention from the paper to the crash is the _____.
A)medulla
B)cerebral cortex
C)reticular formation
D)auditory cortex

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is a network of neurons located in the brainstem that plays a crucial role in controlling arousal and attention. When an unexpected sound like a crash occurs, the reticular formation helps redirect your focus from the newspaper to the source of the sound.

Question 19

Yuri works as a switchboard operator at a busy company.He directs incoming calls from all over the world to appropriate departments for processing.His job can be compared to the job of the _____ in your brain.
A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)pons
D)cerebral cortex

Accepted Answer

The thalamus acts as the brain's relay station, similar to a switchboard operator, directing sensory and motor signals to the appropriate parts of the brain for processing.

Question 20

The next time you see someone at a party who is having trouble walking properly, you might say, "He has had too much alcohol to drink, and it went right to his _____."
A)reticular formation
B)cerebellum
C)frontal lobe
D)parietal lobe

Accepted Answer

Alcohol impairs motor coordination and balance, functions primarily controlled by the cerebellum, which is why difficulty walking properly is often attributed to its effects.

Quiz 2: Neuroscience and Biological Foundations

A primary function of the medulla is to _____.

This term refers to the fact that various parts of the brain are specialized for particular functions.

The _____ is a diffuse set of neurons in the core of the brain stem that screens incoming sensory information and arouses the cortex.

This structure located in the hindbrain that is involved in respiration, movement, waking, sleep, and dreaming is the ________.

In addition to coordinating movement and maintaining balance, the cerebellum may also play a role in _____.

This structure at the base of the brain, behind the brain stem, is responsible for maintaining fine muscle movements, balance, and some aspects of perception and cognition.

Many symptoms of schizophrenia − like hearing voices, misunderstanding social cues, and misinterpreting sensory information − could be due to abnormalities in the _____.

This part of the brain is responsible for survival functions such as heart rate and respiration.

Which of the following findings supports localization of function?

The largest and most prominent part of the human brain is the _____.

Stimulating the _____ increases aggressive behavior.

Dmitryi has a fear - a diagnosable phobia - of being exposed to radioactive substances.As such, if he ever has a need for a neuroimaging procedure, which would he want to avoid?

Injury to the thalamus could theoretically cause all except which of the following?

The _____ is involved in coordinating eye and body movement and works with the pons to coordinate sleep and arousal.

Which of the following structures is part of the forebrain?

Three structures associated with the hindbrain are the _____.

Which part of the brain is responsible for directing sensory information (except smell) from the sensory organs to the appropriate cerebral cortex for interpretation?

While reading your newspaper in the morning, you notice a crash in the street outside.The part of your brain that refocuses your attention from the paper to the crash is the _____.

Yuri works as a switchboard operator at a busy company.He directs incoming calls from all over the world to appropriate departments for processing.His job can be compared to the job of the _____ in your brain.

The next time you see someone at a party who is having trouble walking properly, you might say, "He has had too much alcohol to drink, and it went right to his _____."