Question 1

Paul sets a goal of completing the design for a new display box for a major customer by the end of the week. In general, he motivates himself to achieve goals by using self-reinforcement. In this case, Paul practices self-reinforcement by
A)agreeing to take a training course suggested by his manager to improve his confidence at work.
B)doing something he loves, namely playing golf over the weekend, if he is able to complete the project on time.
C)accepting the invitation of co-workers to observe their work, thereby enabling Paul to hone his skills.
D)promising his manager that he will double-check his work to make sure it has been completely correctly.

Accepted Answer

Self-reinforcement involves rewarding oneself after achieving a goal. In this case, Paul plans to reward himself by playing golf if he completes the project on time.

Question 2

A manager removes a positive reinforcement in order to change the behavior of a subordinate. This is called
A)extinction.
B)positive reinforcement.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)instrumentality.

Accepted Answer

Extinction involves removing a positive reinforcement to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Question 3

Sosuke requested feedback from Clement, his manager, on his performance. Clement is delighted by Sosuke's attitude. As a result, Clement rated Sosuke high on the need for
A)affiliation.
B)power.
C)recognition.
D)achievement.

Accepted Answer

Sosuke's proactive request for feedback indicates a strong desire to improve and succeed, which aligns with a high need for achievement.

Question 4

Because he has a high need for power, Gunnar would most likely decide to
A)spend long-hours of overtime to create a great computer game.
B)take a co-worker who is having a hard time at work out to dinner.
C)review an annual report several times to make sure it is accurate.
D)persuade the governor of a state to pass laws that benefit his company.

Accepted Answer

A person with a high need for power is often motivated to influence or control others, and persuading a governor to pass laws that benefit his company aligns with this need.

Question 5

According to goal-setting theory, to stimulate high motivation and performance, goals must be
A)specific and easy.
B)general and easy.
C)specific and difficult.
D)general and difficult.

Accepted Answer

According to goal-setting theory, specific and difficult goals lead to higher performance as they provide clear direction and challenge individuals, motivating them to put in more effort and persist in their tasks.

Question 6

Donnie changed his behavior from a dysfunctional to a functional one, and his manager then removed an undesired outcome. This is known as
A)positive reinforcement.
B)extinction.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)inequity.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an undesired outcome or stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior being repeated. In this case, Donnie's manager removed an undesired outcome after Donnie changed his behavior to a functional one.

Question 7

Liam, a manager, strongly believes that rewarding an employee can cause motivation. Also, he believes that the employee's thoughts and beliefs about the work and the organization influence the employee's learning and motivation. Which learning theory supports Liam's understanding of motivation?
A)cognitive
B)social
C)emotional
D)constructive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liam, a manager, strongly believes that rewarding...

Question 8

Mira performs a dysfunctional behavior, and her manager administers an undesired consequence. This is known as
A)extinction.
B)punishment.
C)counteractive control.
D)equity.

Accepted Answer

Punishment is the administration of an undesired consequence to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.

Question 9

An employee controls his or her own behavior without the need for outside control of that behavior by a manager. This is an example of
A)vicarious learning.
B)self-efficacy.
C)self-reinforcement.
D)observational learning.

Accepted Answer

Self-reinforcement is when an individual regulates their own behavior by rewarding themselves for reaching certain standards or goals, without external control.

Question 10

To administer the punishment of an employee effectively, Tsitsi would most likely
A)inform Mark that his probation for violating company policy is not surprising considering the type of person he is.
B)tell Kamela at a team meeting that she will be put on probation for violating company policy.
C)take Chuy aside to a private area and emphasize that docking his pay is only because he violated company policy.
D)think about an incident for more than a month and then tell Dorinda that her pay will be docked because of her violation of company policy.

Accepted Answer

Taking Chuy aside to a private area and explaining the reason for the punishment is effective because it maintains privacy, provides clarity, and focuses on the behavior rather than personal attributes.

Question 11

Establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations and being liked are characteristics of individuals who can be rated high on the need for
A)affiliation.
B)power.
C)consciousness.
D)achievement.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a high need for affiliation prioritize establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations and being liked by others.

Question 12

A relatively permanent change in a person's knowledge or behavior that results from practice or experience is known as
A)individuality.
B)adaptation.
C)self-efficacy.
D)learning.

Accepted Answer

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to practice or experience.

Question 13

Observational learning is also known as
A)self-efficacy.
B)operant learning.
C)vicarious learning.
D)equity learning.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning is also known as vicarious learning, where individuals learn by observing the behaviors of others and the consequences of those behaviors.

Question 14

Eduardo, a production manager at a growing company, has mastered the processes and procedures of overall management of the ongoing production operations by walking around and watching other managers as they work. This is an example of
A)negative reinforcement.
B)contingent learning.
C)equity learning.
D)vicarious learning.

Accepted Answer

Eduardo is learning by observing other managers, which is an example of vicarious learning, where individuals learn by watching others.

Question 15

Specific, difficult goals may be detrimental for
A)learning tasks involving minimal effort.
B)work that is very creative and uncertain.
C)performing routine tasks.
D)jobs requiring a significant amount of time.

Accepted Answer

Specific, difficult goals can hinder performance in creative and uncertain work because such tasks require flexibility and adaptability, which rigid goals may restrict.

Question 16

Anything that an employee can give to himself or herself as a reward for "good" performance on the job is known as a(n)
A)interpersonal stimulus.
B)equity reinforce.
C)self-reinforcer.
D)self-compliment.

Accepted Answer

A self-reinforcer is a reward that an individual gives to themselves for achieving a certain level of performance or completing a task.

Question 17

It is especially important that upper-level managers have a need for
A)affiliation.
B)power.
C)consciousness.
D)achievement.

Accepted Answer

Upper-level managers need power to influence and lead others effectively, making it crucial for their role.

Question 18

How employees learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and avoid behaviors that lead to undesired consequences is described in ________ theory.
A)needs hierarchy
B)ERG
C)equity
D)operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning theory explains how behaviors are learned based on the consequences they produce, reinforcing desired behaviors and discouraging undesired ones.

Question 19

Amau was often late to work, despite his manager, Ebba, warning him against it several times. As a last resort, Ebba reduced Amau's salary in proportion to the hours he missed at work by being late. It turned out to be the right thing to do, as Amau was never late to work after the incident. This scenario is explained by
A)instrumentality.
B)valence.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)negative reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant consequence (salary reduction) to increase a desired behavior (being on time).

Question 20

Maria, a middle manager, enjoys talking over work situations with Daniel, her subordinate, who is a first-line supervisor. However, she notices that Daniel frequently brings problems to her that he expects her to solve, rather than solving them himself. Since Daniel has been a supervisor for a significant length of time, he should be more independent in his actions. Based on what you know about operant conditioning theory, what should Maria do?
A)solve the problems for Daniel to give him an example on how to deal with these situations
B)compliment Daniel on his various managerial abilities to boost his confidence
C)allow Daniel to take the afternoon off to think of a solution whenever one of these problems occurs
D)stop acting interested in the problems Daniel brings to her and make her responses brief

Accepted Answer

By making her responses brief and showing less interest, Maria can discourage Daniel's dependency on her for solutions, encouraging him to solve problems independently.

Quiz 9: Motivation

Paul sets a goal of completing the design for a new display box for a major customer by the end of the week. In general, he motivates himself to achieve goals by using self-reinforcement. In this case, Paul practices self-reinforcement by

A manager removes a positive reinforcement in order to change the behavior of a subordinate. This is called

Sosuke requested feedback from Clement, his manager, on his performance. Clement is delighted by Sosuke's attitude. As a result, Clement rated Sosuke high on the need for

Because he has a high need for power, Gunnar would most likely decide to

According to goal-setting theory, to stimulate high motivation and performance, goals must be

Donnie changed his behavior from a dysfunctional to a functional one, and his manager then removed an undesired outcome. This is known as

Liam, a manager, strongly believes that rewarding an employee can cause motivation. Also, he believes that the employee's thoughts and beliefs about the work and the organization influence the employee's learning and motivation. Which learning theory supports Liam's understanding of motivation?

Mira performs a dysfunctional behavior, and her manager administers an undesired consequence. This is known as

An employee controls his or her own behavior without the need for outside control of that behavior by a manager. This is an example of

To administer the punishment of an employee effectively, Tsitsi would most likely

Establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations and being liked are characteristics of individuals who can be rated high on the need for

A relatively permanent change in a person's knowledge or behavior that results from practice or experience is known as

Observational learning is also known as

Eduardo, a production manager at a growing company, has mastered the processes and procedures of overall management of the ongoing production operations by walking around and watching other managers as they work. This is an example of

Specific, difficult goals may be detrimental for

Anything that an employee can give to himself or herself as a reward for "good" performance on the job is known as a(n)

It is especially important that upper-level managers have a need for

How employees learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and avoid behaviors that lead to undesired consequences is described in ________ theory.