Question 1

Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding the classical pathway of the complement system? The classical pathway of the complement system is activated by:

Accepted Answer

The classical pathway of the complement system is activated by antigen-antibody complexes, which trigger a cascade of immune responses.

Question 2

A child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee.The injured area becomes painful.What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?

Accepted Answer

Edema at the injured site is a common response to injury due to inflammation, which causes increased permeability of blood vessels and fluid accumulation in the tissue.

Question 3

A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of:

Accepted Answer

Mast cells initiate the inflammatory response through degranulation, which involves the release of histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation.

Question 4

A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles.Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the first responders to bacterial infections and are the primary cells involved in the initial response to kill bacteria and prevent infection.

Question 5

The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

All three systems involve the activation of a series of proenzymes, which are inactive enzyme precursors that become activated in a cascade manner.

Question 6

A public health nurse is teaching the community about health promotion.Which information should the nurse include for innate immunity? Innate immunity is gained:

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is the natural form of immunity that an individual is born with, providing the first line of defense against pathogens.

Question 7

Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?

Accepted Answer

An immunocompromised individual has a weakened immune system, making them more susceptible to opportunistic infections compared to others with conditions like diabetes, heart failure, or pneumonia.

Question 8

Which factor will help the nurse differentiate leukotrienes from histamine?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor will help the nurse differentiate...

Question 9

A patient has researched bradykinin on the Internet.Which information indicates the patient understands the functions of bradykinin? Bradykinin is involved in:

Accepted Answer

Bradykinin is a peptide that plays a key role in increasing vascular permeability, which allows immune cells and proteins to pass through blood vessel walls to reach sites of injury or infection.

Question 10

Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms include:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms...

Question 11

A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief.A nurse recalls aspirin relieves the headache by:

Accepted Answer

Aspirin relieves headaches by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which decreases the production of prostaglandins, compounds involved in pain and inflammation.

Question 12

A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft tissue injury.The pain associated with the injury is related to:

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins are involved in the inflammatory response and can sensitize nerve endings, leading to increased perception of pain in the area of injury.

Question 13

Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding collectins? Collectins are produced by the:

Accepted Answer

Collectins are proteins produced by the lungs that play a role in the immune response by binding to pathogens and facilitating their clearance.

Question 14

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection.Cultures of the bacteria revealed lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface.Which of the complement pathways would be activated in this case?

Accepted Answer

The presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the bacterial cell surface is characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria, which can activate the alternative complement pathway.

Question 15

The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes during the early stages of inflammation, quickly responding to and migrating towards the site of infection or injury.

Question 16

A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting vaginal discharge of a white, viscous, and foul-smelling substance.She reports that she has been taking antibiotics for the past 6 months.Which finding will the nurse most likely see on the microorganism report?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic use can disrupt the normal vaginal flora, leading to a decrease in Lactobacillus, which helps maintain the acidic environment of the vagina. This disruption can result in an overgrowth of other bacteria, causing symptoms like foul-smelling discharge.

Question 17

A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation.Which of the following types of immunity was compromised?

Accepted Answer

The knife wound would primarily compromise the skin, which is a part of the body's innate immunity, serving as a physical barrier to pathogens.

Question 18

After teaching the staff about the clotting system, which statement indicates the teaching was successful? The end product of the clotting system is:

Accepted Answer

Fibrin is the end product of the clotting system. It is formed when thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin. Fibrin then forms a meshwork that traps platelets and red blood cells, forming a clot.

Question 19

The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis is the directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient.

Question 20

When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse respond?

Accepted Answer

The inflammatory process is a protective response that aims to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out damaged cells and tissues, and establish a repair process. One of its primary purposes is to prevent infection of the injured tissue by removing pathogens and debris.

Quiz 6: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing