Question 1

An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS.Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into?
A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Pseudounipolar
D) Interpolar

Accepted Answer

Pseudounipolar neurons have a single process that splits into two branches, one acting as a dendrite and the other as an axon, which is characteristic of sensory neurons.

Question 2

A neurologist is teaching the staff about motor neurons.Which structural classification identifies motor neurons?
A) Unipolar
B) Pseudounipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Multipolar

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons are structurally classified as multipolar because they have one axon and multiple dendrites.

Question 3

Where is the primary visual cortex of the brain located?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Parietal lobe

Accepted Answer

The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the brain, which is at the back of the head.

Question 4

When a presynaptic neuron is stimulated in a patient's body by an electrical current, neurotransmitters are released from the:
A) synapse.
B) synaptic bouton.
C) synaptic cleft.
D) receptor.

Accepted Answer

The synaptic bouton is the part of the presynaptic neuron that contains the neurotransmitters. When the presynaptic neuron is stimulated, the neurotransmitters are released from the synaptic bouton into the synaptic cleft.

Question 5

After rehabilitation for severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident, a patient reports that her thought processes and ability to concentrate are impaired.Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?
A) Thalamus
B) Limbic
C) Prefrontal
D) Occipital

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thought processes, concentration, and decision-making. Damage to this area can impair these abilities.

Question 6

A nurse is preparing to teach about nerves.Which information should the nurse include? The axon leaves the cell body at the:
A) axon hillock.
B) Nissl body.
C) node of Ranvier.
D) myelin sheath.

Accepted Answer

The axon hillock is the part of the neuron where the axon begins and leaves the cell body.

Question 7

If a neuron's membrane potential is held close to the threshold potential by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), the neuron is said to be:
A) hyperpolarized.
B) facilitated.
C) integrated.
D) inhibited.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a neuron's membrane potential is held...

Question 8

A cell was isolated from the CNS.A researcher revealed that its main function was to clear cellular debris.What type of cell is the researcher studying?
A) Astrocyte
B) Ependymal cell
C) Microglia
D) Schwann cell

Accepted Answer

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and are responsible for clearing cellular debris and dead neurons through phagocytosis.

Question 9

Which neurons have the capacity for regeneration?
A) Unmyelinated neurons in the brain
B) Myelinated neurons in the spinal cord
C) Myelinated peripheral neurons
D) Postganglionic motor neurons

Accepted Answer

Myelinated peripheral neurons have the capacity for regeneration due to the presence of Schwann cells, which facilitate repair and regrowth.

Question 10

A patient is looking at a picture of the brain and points to the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum.The nurse should tell the patient these are called:
A) sulci.
B) fissures.
C) reticular formations.
D) gyri.

Accepted Answer

Gyri are the raised convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum.

Question 11

A 19-year-old college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets.Under-stimulation of which area of the brain is likely the site of the problem?
A) Corpora quadrigemina
B) Reticular activating system
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The reticular activating system (RAS) is responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions. Under-stimulation of the RAS can lead to difficulties in maintaining alertness and staying awake.

Question 12

A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech.Which area is the neurologist discussing?
A) Wernicke area
B) Broca area
C) Brodmann area 4
D) Brodmann area 6

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is responsible for the motor aspects of speech.

Question 13

A student nurse asks the nurse what controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate and blood pressure.What is the nurse's best response? These reflex activities are controlled by the:
A) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) cerebrum.

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling autonomic functions such as heart rate and blood pressure through reflex activities.

Question 14

Neurotransmitters interact with the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?
A) Receptor
B) Nissl body
C) Glial cell
D) Neurofibril

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane to transmit signals across the synapse.

Question 15

When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls, how should the nurse respond? It controls:
A) the heart.
B) the spinal cord.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) smooth muscle organs.

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements by innervating skeletal muscles.

Question 16

A patient brought to the emergency room (ER) with severe burns is requesting something for the excruciating pain and is medicated with morphine, which blocks which of the following neurotransmitters, thus reducing the pain?
A) Enkephalin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Substance P

Accepted Answer

Morphine reduces pain by blocking the release of Substance P, a neurotransmitter involved in transmitting pain signals in the nervous system.

Question 17

When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, what term should the nurse use?
A) Peduncle
B) Corpus callosum
C) Basal ganglia
D) Pons

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is a transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

Question 18

When a student asks in which region of the neuron do nerve impulses travel the fastest, how should the nurse respond? The:
A) large axon.
B) axon hillock.
C) cell body.
D) dendrites.

Accepted Answer

Nerve impulses travel fastest in large axons due to the presence of myelin and a larger diameter, which reduces resistance and allows for quicker signal transmission.

Question 19

A nurse is preparing to teach about functions to maintain homeostasis and instinctive behavioral patterns.Which area of the brain is the nurse discussing?
A) Thalamus
B) Medulla
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and regulating instinctive behavioral patterns such as hunger, thirst, and temperature control.

Question 20

Blockage of which of the following would cause hydrocephalus?
A) Cerebral aqueduct
B) Inferior colliculi
C) Red nucleus
D) Tegmentum

Accepted Answer

The cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricles in the brain. Blockage here can prevent cerebrospinal fluid from flowing properly, leading to hydrocephalus.

Quiz 14: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS.Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into?

A neurologist is teaching the staff about motor neurons.Which structural classification identifies motor neurons?

Where is the primary visual cortex of the brain located?

When a presynaptic neuron is stimulated in a patient's body by an electrical current, neurotransmitters are released from the:

After rehabilitation for severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident, a patient reports that her thought processes and ability to concentrate are impaired.Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?

A nurse is preparing to teach about nerves.Which information should the nurse include? The axon leaves the cell body at the:

If a neuron's membrane potential is held close to the threshold potential by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) , the neuron is said to be:

A cell was isolated from the CNS.A researcher revealed that its main function was to clear cellular debris.What type of cell is the researcher studying?

Which neurons have the capacity for regeneration?

A patient is looking at a picture of the brain and points to the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum.The nurse should tell the patient these are called:

A 19-year-old college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets.Under-stimulation of which area of the brain is likely the site of the problem?

A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech.Which area is the neurologist discussing?

A student nurse asks the nurse what controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate and blood pressure.What is the nurse's best response? These reflex activities are controlled by the:

Neurotransmitters interact with the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?

When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls, how should the nurse respond? It controls:

A patient brought to the emergency room (ER) with severe burns is requesting something for the excruciating pain and is medicated with morphine, which blocks which of the following neurotransmitters, thus reducing the pain?

When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, what term should the nurse use?

When a student asks in which region of the neuron do nerve impulses travel the fastest, how should the nurse respond? The:

A nurse is preparing to teach about functions to maintain homeostasis and instinctive behavioral patterns.Which area of the brain is the nurse discussing?

Blockage of which of the following would cause hydrocephalus?