Question 1

When a patient's CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition center, which condition would the nurse expect?
A) Dyssynergia
B) Detrusor hyperreflexia
C) Detrusor areflexia
D) Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia

Accepted Answer

A lesion above the pontine micturition center can lead to detrusor hyperreflexia, where there is an overactive bladder due to loss of inhibitory control from the brain.

Question 2

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:
A) swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria.
B) immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage.
C) inflammatory factors that stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells.
D) accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies.

Accepted Answer

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries, leading to inflammation and damage. This occurs after infection with certain strains of streptococcus bacteria.

Question 3

A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria.These signs and symptoms support which diagnosis?
A) Acute cystitis
B) Renal calculi
C) Chronic renal failure
D) Postrenal renal failure

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

A 35 year old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptomology associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN).Which form of renal failure is this patient experiencing?
A) Prerenal
B) Intrarenal
C) Extrarenal
D) Postrenal

Accepted Answer

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a type of intrarenal failure, as it involves damage to the kidney's tubules, which are part of the kidney's internal structure.

Question 5

When considering pyelonephritis, where is the site of the infection?
A) Bladder
B) Renal pelvis
C) Renal tubules
D) Glomerulus

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal pelvis and the kidney.

Question 6

A 55 year old presents reporting urinary retention.Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction.Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?
A) Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
B) Formation of renal calculi
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Increased bladder compliance

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 55 year old presents reporting urinary...

Question 7

A patient has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney.Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?
A) Atrophy of the remaining kidney
B) Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney
C) Dysplasia in the remaining kidney
D) Renal failure

Accepted Answer

The remaining kidney undergoes compensatory hypertrophy to increase its functional capacity and compensate for the loss of the other kidney.

Question 8

The most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is:
A) cystitis.
B) renal cancer.
C) urinary tract obstruction.
D) nephrotic syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Urinary tract obstruction is the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing a urinary obstruction.Which symptoms would be most likely experienced?
A) Anuria
B) Hematuria
C) Pyuria
D) Flank pain

Accepted Answer

Flank pain is a common symptom of renal calculus, as the obstruction can cause pressure and pain in the kidney and surrounding area.

Question 10

A 45 year old presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia and is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.What is the cause of this patient's anemia?
A) Red blood cells being lost in the urine
B) Inadequate production of erythropoietin
C) Inadequate iron absorption in the gut
D) Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus

Accepted Answer

Chronic renal failure leads to decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys, which is necessary for red blood cell production, resulting in anemia.

Question 11

A 75 year old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing.These symptoms support which diagnosis?
A) Urge incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence
D) Functional incontinence

Accepted Answer

Stress incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine due to increased abdominal pressure, such as when coughing, sneezing, or laughing.

Question 12

An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria.Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate.Which type of renal failure is this patient at risk for?
A) Prerenal
B) Intrarenal
C) Extrarenal
D) Postrenal

Accepted Answer

The enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow, leading to postrenal renal failure due to the backup of urine and increased pressure in the urinary tract.

Question 13

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:
A) urine pH.
B) body temperature.
C) gender.
D) serum mineral concentrations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While planning care for a patient with...

Question 14

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3-5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein.The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:
A) cystitis.
B) chronic pyelonephritis.
C) acute glomerulonephritis.
D) renal calculi.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of hematuria with red blood cell casts and significant proteinuria are indicative of acute glomerulonephritis, which involves inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys.

Question 15

Which is the most beneficial medication treatment for a patient experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia?
A) Alpha-blocker
B) Beta-blocker
C) Vasodilator
D) Diuretic

Accepted Answer

Alpha-blockers are used to relax the muscles of the bladder neck and prostate, which can help alleviate symptoms of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia by reducing the resistance to urine flow.

Question 16

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection.When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?
A) Streptococcus
B) Candida albicans
C) Chlamydia
D) Escherichia coli

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli is the most common organism causing urinary tract infections, especially in young women.

Question 17

A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephritic syndrome.Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?
A) Hematuria
B) Dysuria
C) Oliguria
D) Proteinuria

Accepted Answer

Hematuria is a common symptom of nephritic syndrome, characterized by the presence of blood in the urine.

Question 18

What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?
A) Struvite
B) Cystine
C) Calcium
D) Uric acid

Accepted Answer

Calcium stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones, are the most common type of renal stones.

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction.While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:
A) decreased renal blood flow.
B) decreased peritubular capillary pressure.
C) dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage.
D) stimulation of antidiuretic hormone.

Accepted Answer

Hydronephrosis and decreased glomerular filtration rate occur due to the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage, which increases pressure and impairs kidney function.

Question 20

A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure.What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?
A) Kidney stones
B) Immune complex deposition in the glomerulus
C) Inadequate renal blood flow
D) Obstruction of the proximal tubule

Accepted Answer

Prerenal failure is typically caused by inadequate renal blood flow, often due to conditions like hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output, which can occur after trauma such as a motor vehicle accident.

Quiz 32: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

When a patient's CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition center, which condition would the nurse expect?

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:

A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria.These signs and symptoms support which diagnosis?

A 35 year old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptomology associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) .Which form of renal failure is this patient experiencing?

When considering pyelonephritis, where is the site of the infection?

A 55 year old presents reporting urinary retention.Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction.Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?

A patient has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney.Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

The most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is:

A patient is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing a urinary obstruction.Which symptoms would be most likely experienced?

A 45 year old presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia and is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.What is the cause of this patient's anemia?

A 75 year old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing.These symptoms support which diagnosis?

An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria.Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate.Which type of renal failure is this patient at risk for?

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3-5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein.The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:

Which is the most beneficial medication treatment for a patient experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia?

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection.When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?

A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephritic syndrome.Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?

What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?

A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction.While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:

A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure.What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?