Question 1

Parents of a 3 month old bring the infant to the emergency room (ER) after a seizure has caused muscle rigidity.Both parents are of Jewish ancestry.For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?
A) Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
B) Congenital encephalopathy
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) PKU

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder more common in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, and it can cause seizures and muscle rigidity in infants.

Question 2

An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus.Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to find?
A) Enlarged ventricles
B) Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production
C) Increased resorption of CSF
D) Smaller than average head circumference

Accepted Answer

Congenital hydrocephalus is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles, leading to enlarged ventricles.

Question 3

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?
A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Accepted Answer

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, characterized by stiff muscles and awkward movements.

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement.Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing?
A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy,...

Question 5

A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now diagnosed with meningitis.Which is the most likely microorganism the nurse will find on the lab report?
A) Virus
B) H.influenzae type B
C) S.pneumonia
D) N.meningitidis

Accepted Answer

Children with sickle cell disease are at increased risk for infections with encapsulated bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, due to functional asplenia.

Question 6

An infant has an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.What term will the nurse observe written on the chart?
A) Anencephaly
B) Myelodysplasia
C) Cyclopia
D) Hydrocephalus

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant has an anterior midline defect...

Question 7

When should the nurse assess for the vomiting and headache that are the classic symptoms of childhood brain tumors?
A) Morning
B) Early afternoon
C) As the sun goes down and darkness begins
D) During the middle of the night

Accepted Answer

Morning headaches and vomiting are common symptoms of childhood brain tumors due to increased intracranial pressure after lying down all night.

Question 8

It is true that viral meningitis:
A) is always sudden in onset.
B) often occurs with measles, mumps, or herpes.
C) is effectively treated with antibiotics.
D) causes increased sugar in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

Accepted Answer

Viral meningitis is often associated with measles, mumps, or herpes.

Question 9

A 10-month-old infant presents for a well-baby visit.Which of the following reflexes should be present at this age?
A) Stepping
B) Sucking
C) Landau
D) Palmar grasp

Accepted Answer

The Landau reflex typically appears around 3-4 months and persists until 12-24 months. Other reflexes like stepping, sucking, and palmar grasp usually disappear by this age.

Question 10

What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?
A) Protein
B) Iron
C) Vitamin D
D) Folic acid

Accepted Answer

Folic acid is crucial in the early stages of pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.

Question 11

What term is used to document a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull?
A) Encephalocele
B) Meningocele
C) Myelomeningocele
D) Craniosynostosis

Accepted Answer

An encephalocele is a neural tube defect characterized by the herniation of brain tissue and meninges through a defect in the skull, often occurring in the occipital area.

Question 12

Which of the following diseases does the nurse screen for in all newborns?
A) Epilepsy
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Pica
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder screened for in all newborns because early detection and dietary management can prevent severe intellectual disability and other complications.

Question 13

What is the cause of true (primary) microcephaly?
A) Viral infection
B) An autosomal recessive gene
C) Fetal trauma
D) Hydrocephalus

Accepted Answer

True (primary) microcephaly is typically caused by genetic factors, specifically mutations in an autosomal recessive gene that affect brain development.

Question 14

What term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life?
A) Craniosynostosis
B) Congential hydrocephalus
C) Microcephaly
D) Acrania

Accepted Answer

Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life.

Question 15

During infancy, what is the fastest growing part of the human body?
A) Spinal cord
B) Limb bones
C) Head
D) Vertebral column

Accepted Answer

During infancy, the head is the fastest growing part of the human body as it undergoes rapid brain development.

Question 16

Which term is used to document a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra?
A) Craniosynostosis
B) Meningocele
C) Encephalocele
D) Myelomeningocele

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term is used to document a...

Question 17

A 3 year old has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis.What should the nurse expect to find on the lab report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis?
A) Haemophilus influenzae
B) Neisseria meningitidis
C) Streptococcus pneumonia
D) Escherichia coli

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 3 year old has been diagnosed...

Question 18

A nurse is preparing to teach about the most common defects of neural tube closure.Which one should the nurse discuss?
A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Lateral
D) Superior

Accepted Answer

The most common neural tube defects are posterior, such as spina bifida, which occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly.

Question 19

A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor.Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Congenital hydrocephalus
B) Microcephaly
C) Dandy-Walker deformity
D) Macewen sign

Accepted Answer

Dandy-Walker deformity is characterized by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle, which can lead to hydrocephalus due to obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow, consistent with the findings in the autopsy.

Question 20

Which reflex of infancy will disappear first?
A) Stepping
B) Rooting
C) Palmar grasp
D) Moro reflex

Accepted Answer

The stepping reflex typically disappears around 2 months of age, earlier than the other reflexes listed.

Quiz 18: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Parents of a 3 month old bring the infant to the emergency room (ER) after a seizure has caused muscle rigidity.Both parents are of Jewish ancestry.For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus.Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to find?

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement.Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing?

A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now diagnosed with meningitis.Which is the most likely microorganism the nurse will find on the lab report?

An infant has an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.What term will the nurse observe written on the chart?

When should the nurse assess for the vomiting and headache that are the classic symptoms of childhood brain tumors?

It is true that viral meningitis:

A 10-month-old infant presents for a well-baby visit.Which of the following reflexes should be present at this age?

What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?

What term is used to document a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull?

Which of the following diseases does the nurse screen for in all newborns?

What is the cause of true (primary) microcephaly?

What term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life?

During infancy, what is the fastest growing part of the human body?

Which term is used to document a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra?

A 3 year old has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis.What should the nurse expect to find on the lab report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis?

A nurse is preparing to teach about the most common defects of neural tube closure.Which one should the nurse discuss?

A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor.Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which reflex of infancy will disappear first?