Question 1

Describe the two most important issues to consider when administering a personality measurement in an athletic setting and provide an example contrary to these issues.

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Question 2

Dunn and colleagues (2002)study of the link between perfectionism,ego motivation,and task- achievement motivation in high- school football players found?

Accepted Answer

The study found that unhealthy perfectionism was positively related to an ego orientation, whereas healthy perfectionism was associated with task orientation.

Question 3

Identify at least four of the ethical principles that have to be followed in the administration of personality measures.

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Question 4

Identify the three common myths about personality in sport and provide a key fact that disputes each one.

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Question 5

In the psychodynamic model of personality,the superego is considered the voice of conscious and morality.

Accepted Answer

In the psychodynamic model of personality, the superego is one of the three components of the psyche, along with the id and ego. It represents the internalization of societal and parental values, serving as the conscience of the individual and regulating behavior to align with moral principles.

Question 6

Define a personality trait and contrast this with the concept of a state.Provide an example of how these terms differ.

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Question 7

A meta- analysis study by Rowley and colleagues (1995)of sport research using the Profile of Mood States found

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis study by Rowley and colleagues (1995) found weak support for the iceberg profile (a pattern of high vigor and low tension, fatigue, confusion, depression, and anger) and athletic success.

Question 8

Which approach to personality development holds that individuals can learn physical activity behavior simply being exposed to or by observing the behaviour of others?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive behavioural approach focuses on the idea that individuals can learn new behaviours or actions by observing others, which is referred to as observational learning or modelling. Therefore, this approach suggests that personality development, including the adoption of physical activity behaviours, can occur through observation and learning from others.

Question 9

Jones and colleagues (2002)study on mental toughness characteristics of ten international athletes identified which of the following three categories?

Accepted Answer

The study by Jones and colleagues (2002) identified three categories of mental toughness characteristics among international athletes: very strong self-confidence and motivation; the ability to manage competitive stress and training; and the ability to maintain or regain focus in the face of distraction. Choice D includes all three of these characteristics.

Question 10

Identify and briefly describe three measures that attempt to assess various aspects of personality in sport.

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Question 11

How is personality theorized to influence exercise behaviour?

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Question 12

Objective tests do not require the tester to interpret the meaning of the participants' response.

Accepted Answer

Objective tests typically involve multiple choice, true/false, or matching questions that have a correct answer. The response given by the participant is not open to interpretation and is either right or wrong based on the predetermined answer key.

Question 13

Explain the interactionist approach to personality and provide an example of how this may explain regular exercise behaviour.

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Question 14

Gould's et al (2002)study of Olympic champions found which of the following psychological characteristics to be present?

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Question 15

Contrast the key personality perspectives of the humanist and social learning perspectives.

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Question 16

Rotter determined that these three factors influence behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Rotter's theory suggests that behavior is influenced by three factors: situational expectancies (perceptions about the likelihood of a behavior leading to a desired outcome), generalized expectancies (beliefs about the extent to which actions can influence outcomes), and reinforcement value (the degree to which a potential outcome motivates the individual). Therefore, the best choice is E, which includes all three factors - situational expectancies, generalized expectancies, and reinforcement value.

Question 17

A common assumption about personality traits is that traits

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Question 18

This sport specific measure of personality inventory was correlated with variables on Cattell's 16 Personality Factors instrument.

Accepted Answer

The Athletic Motivation Inventory is a measure of personality specifically focused on athletic motivation, making it the best choice for this question. The other options are all measures related to sports performance, but not necessarily focused on personality traits.

Question 19

A young athlete attempting to imitate Olympic wrester Carol Huynh take down after watching her on TV would be an example of which specific approach to studying aspects of how behaviour is acquired to form personality?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning refers to the process of acquiring new behaviors by observing others' actions and the outcomes of those actions. In this scenario, the young athlete is learning and imitating Carol Huynh's take down move by watching her on TV, which is an example of observational learning.

Question 20

According to Rhodes and Smith (2006)meta- analysis on personality and physical activity,what are the three traits associated (significantly correlated either positively or negatively)with physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Rhodes and Smith (2006) found that conscientiousness, extroversion, and neuroticism were significantly correlated (either positively or negatively) with physical activity. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Quiz 3: Personality in Sport and Exercise