Question 1

Describe two mnemonic devices that would enable you to remember the following list of grocery items: milk,eggs,margarine,oranges,rhubarb,ice cream,eggplant,and sausage. Explain why each would be effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two mnemonic devices that would enable...

Question 2

Watching a TV soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall provides an example of

Accepted Answer

The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall is an example of priming, as it activated memories related to marital conflict and mistreatment, making them more accessible in her memory.

Question 3

At a block party,Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later,she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect is the tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle items. Cyndi was able to remember the first three and last two neighbors, demonstrating this effect. Chunking is the process of grouping information into meaningful units, the spacing effect refers to the fact that we retain information better when it is studied multiple times with space in between, and implicit memory refers to the unconscious retention of information without conscious awareness.

Question 4

A friend claims that the faster you read,the more you remember. Use your knowledge of effortful processing and effective encoding strategies to refute your friend's claim.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A friend claims that the faster you...

Question 5

Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the

Accepted Answer

The amygdala plays a key role in the processing and integration of emotional information, including the formation and consolidation of memories related to emotional events. Activation of the amygdala has been linked to enhanced memory consolidation and retrieval for emotional stimuli.

Question 6

Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory. LTP involves the long-lasting strengthening of connections between neurons that result from repeated stimulation. This phenomenon is thought to underlie the formation of memories and the ability to learn new information.

Question 7

Mood-congruent memory refers to the effect of emotional states on the process of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mood-congruent memory refers to the effect of...

Question 8

After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected Web site,the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance,the password was clearly stored in her ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory (also known as working memory) is a limited-capacity memory system that stores information for a short period of time, typically around 20-30 seconds. This type of memory is used for tasks such as remembering a phone number long enough to dial it or remembering a password long enough to type it in. The fact that Maya's friend could only remember the password long enough to type it in suggests that it was stored in her short-term memory.

Question 9

After his last drinking spree,Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where memory retrieval is enhanced when a person's internal state at the time of recall matches their internal state at the time of encoding. In this case, Fakim's internal state (being under the influence of alcohol) when he hid the bottle is the same as his internal state when he started drinking again, leading to the retrieval of the memory of where he hid the bottle.

Question 10

The extensive rehearsal necessary to encode nonsense syllables best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Encoding nonsense syllables requires effortful processing, which involves conscious and deliberate effort to learn and remember information. This involves extensive rehearsal, or repeated practice of the material. The other answer choices are not directly related to encoding nonsense syllables. The spacing effect refers to the fact that learning is more effective when study sessions are spaced out over time, rather than massed together. Implicit memory refers to unconscious memory processes, such as the ability to ride a bike without thinking about it. The serial position effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of lists better than those in the middle.

Question 11

Negative recall primed by distressing emotions most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory is the tendency to better remember information when in the same emotional or physiological state as when the memory was formed. The negative recall primed by distressing emotions is an example of state-dependent memory because the negative emotions serve as a cue for the recall of the negative memory.

Question 12

While in a context similar to one you've been in before,you see a stranger who looks and walks like one of your friends. These circumstances are likely to trigger the experience of

Accepted Answer

Déjà vu occurs when a person feels an uncanny sense of familiarity in a new or different situation, often triggered by cues in the environment that resemble past experiences.

Question 13

Although you genuinely enjoyed studying hard for a biology exam,during the test you are feeling frustrated and irritable because you can't recall the answer to a series of fairly easy factual questions. What techniques could you use to effectively remember the information previously learned?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although you genuinely enjoyed studying hard for...

Question 14

Mr. Nydam suffers from amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course,the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between

Accepted Answer

Mr. Nydam's improvement in golf on the particular course despite his inability to remember playing it suggests that he is utilizing implicit memory (unconscious memory) rather than explicit memory (conscious memory). This demonstrates the need to distinguish between these two types of memory. Short-term memory and long-term memory, iconic memory and explicit memory, and recognition and recall are not directly relevant to Mr. Nydam's situation.

Question 15

Whenever he feels sexually jealous,David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men. David's experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

David's experience illustrates mood-congruent memory, which is the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. In this case, feeling sexually jealous triggers memories of similar emotions from past experiences.

Question 16

Which of the following offers the best explanation for infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is not fully matured until later in childhood, which may make it difficult to form and recall memories of early infancy.

Question 17

Déjà vu refers to the

Accepted Answer

Déjà vu specifically refers to the eerie feeling of having previously experienced a situation or event, making option D the correct choice. Option A refers to priming, option B to mood congruence, and option C to unconscious activation, but none of these describe déjà vu as precisely as option D.

Question 18

Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

The spacing effect refers to the phenomenon where learning is greater when presented over spaced intervals instead of all at once. Reviewing previously learned material at various times throughout a semester utilizes the spacing effect and is more likely to result in long-term retention of the course material.

Question 19

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

The use of the word HOMES as a mnemonic device to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes reflects the use of a memory strategy that involves associating each letter in the word with the first letter of one of the lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior). This mnemonic device helps to facilitate memory recall and is a type of encoding technique that promotes better retention of information.

Question 20

After learning that kicking would move a crib mobile,infants showed that they recalled this learning best if they were tested in the same crib. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on recall.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval cues are environmental stimuli or pieces of information that are associated with the memory being recalled. In this scenario, the crib mobile served as a retrieval cue for the infants, helping them to better remember the association between kicking and movement of the mobile.

Quiz 20: How Do Groups Intensify Decisions