Question 1

Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapy is an updated form of psychoanalysis that is more time-limited and focused on current issues, making it briefer than traditional psychoanalysis.

Question 2

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a

Accepted Answer

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of client-centered therapy, which emphasizes the importance of the therapist providing a non-judgmental and empathic environment for the client to explore and process their feelings and experiences. Psychoanalysts may also aim for empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences, but this is not their only or primary goal. Biomedical therapy and behavior therapy focus more on treating symptoms and altering behavior, rather than exploring subjective experiences.

Question 3

Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ______ during the process of therapy.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed in the importance of therapist genuineness and authenticity in the therapy process. He encouraged client-centered therapists to express their own true feelings and reactions as a way to facilitate a more authentic and sincere therapeutic relationship with the client. Option A is incorrect because Rogers believed in avoiding diagnostic labels as they can be stigmatizing and limiting. Option C is incorrect because Rogers believed in exploring underlying causes of client difficulties rather than just focusing on the immediate surface-level behavior. Option D is incorrect because Rogers did not prioritize identifying hierarchies of anxiety-arousing experiences, but rather on facilitating self-exploration and insight.

Question 4

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses include

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning involves pairing a negative stimulus with the unwanted response, while exposure therapy involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared or unwanted stimuli. Both techniques aim to replace unwanted responses with more desirable ones. Systematic desensitization (A) is a type of exposure therapy that involves progressive relaxation and visualization, and free association is a psychoanalytic technique that aims to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings. Spontaneous recovery (B) refers to the temporary return of an extinguished response, and stress inoculation training is a type of therapy that helps individuals cope with stress. Unconditional positive regard and transference (C) are concepts related to the therapeutic relationship in humanistic and psychodynamic approaches, respectively, and are not counterconditioning techniques.

Question 5

During a marriage counseling session,the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

The technique suggested by the therapist is known as reflective listening, which is a core component of client-centered therapy. This approach emphasizes the therapist's empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard for the client. Through reflective listening, clients feel heard and validated, which can pave the way for deeper self-exploration and growth. The other answer choices do not involve this specific technique.

Question 6

When Murli told his therapist,"I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded,"It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of

Accepted Answer

The therapist's response illustrates the technique of active listening, which involves fully focusing on and understanding what the client is saying and feeling, and reflecting that understanding back to them. The therapist's response shows that they are listening to Murli and empathizing with him, which can help build rapport and trust in the therapeutic relationship.

Question 7

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called

Accepted Answer

Counterconditioning is a process of changing the association between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response. It involves pairing the original conditioned stimulus with a new response that is incompatible with the unwanted response. Over time, the new response can replace the unwanted response. Light exposure therapy, transference, and unconditional positive regard are not directly related to this process.

Question 8

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by

Accepted Answer

Insight therapies are focused on helping clients gain insight into their underlying motives and defenses, with the goal of improving psychological functioning. This involves increasing the client's awareness of how their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are connected and helping them understand how these connections may be contributing to their difficulties. Choice A is incorrect because discouraging patients from using antidepressant drugs is not a goal of insight therapy. Choice B is incorrect because using progressive relaxation is a technique used in relaxation therapies, not necessarily insight therapies. Choice D is incorrect because while personality tests may be used as part of the assessment process, they do not necessarily play a central role in the therapy itself.

Question 9

Instead of focusing on curing psychological disorders,________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapies, such as person-centered therapy and gestalt therapy, focus on the individual's potential for growth and self-actualization, rather than pathology and symptom management. These therapies emphasize the importance of a strong therapeutic relationship, empathy, and unconditional positive regard for the client.

Question 10

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

Accepted Answer

Active listening is an integral part of client-centered therapy, where the therapist focuses on understanding and empathizing with the client's experiences, values, and feelings. In this approach, clients are seen as experts in their own lives, and the therapist's role is to facilitate the client's self-exploration and growth. Systematic desensitization, transference, and free association are techniques used in other therapeutic approaches such as behavioral therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, and psychodynamic therapy, respectively.

Question 11

Unlike psychoanalytic therapists,humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapists emphasize the present and current experiences rather than delving into the past, contrasting with psychoanalytic therapists who often focus on past experiences to understand current behavior.

Question 12

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapists emphasize personal responsibility and encourage clients to take ownership of their own feelings and actions. This approach helps clients feel empowered and in control of their lives. Option A is incorrect because humanistic therapists focus on the client's experience, not the experiences of others. Option B is incorrect because humanistic therapists prioritize individuality over conformity. Option C is incorrect because humanistic therapists help clients cultivate an authentic sense of self, rather than encouraging them to imitate others.

Question 13

Nate's past relationships with his mother,his former wife,and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a

Accepted Answer

The mention of "recurring relationship patterns" suggests that there may be underlying unconscious conflicts that are contributing to Nate's emotional detachment and resentment in his relationships. Psychodynamic therapy focuses on exploring and resolving these unconscious conflicts, making it the most appropriate approach for helping Nate gain insight into his patterns of behavior.

Question 14

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy, places a strong emphasis on the client's autonomy and encourages them to come up with their own solutions to their problems. The therapist creates a supportive and non-judgmental environment in which the client can explore and gain insight into their experiences, leading them to discover their own effective coping strategies.

Question 15

Carl Rogers referred to a caring,nonjudgmental attitude as

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as unconditional positive regard. This means that the therapist shows empathy, understanding, and acceptance towards the client without any judgment or criticism. It is a fundamental aspect of person-centered therapy and helps create a safe and supportive environment for the client to explore their thoughts and feelings.

Question 16

In one treatment for bed-wetting,the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet,triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of

Accepted Answer

The treatment described is an example of behavior therapy, which involves using principles of learning theory to modify behavior. Specifically, the child is being taught to associate the sensation of a full bladder with waking up and using the bathroom, rather than continuing to sleep and wet the bed. The use of an alarm as a trigger for waking up is a common technique in behavior therapy for bed-wetting.

Question 17

Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapies focus on exploring unconscious patterns and dynamics within a patient's interpersonal relationships in order to understand and alleviate current symptoms. They seek to uncover unresolved conflicts from the past that may be impacting present behavior and functioning.

Question 18

In classical conditioning therapies,maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are typically considered to be conditioned responses. This is because these symptoms are learned responses to certain stimuli, rather than being innate or unlearned responses (unconditioned responses) or stimuli themselves (conditioned or unconditioned stimuli).

Question 19

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of

Accepted Answer

Psychological research on the principles of learning has directly influenced the development of behavior therapy, which is based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning. Humanistic therapy is more focused on personal growth and individual experiences, while psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences. Cognitive therapy is based on the principles of how people think, perceive, and process information.

Question 20

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists typically focus on changing behaviors rather than exploring emotions or increasing self-awareness. They may use techniques such as exposure therapy, reinforcement, and punishment to help clients modify their behaviors.

Quiz 5: Narcissism and the Limits of Self-Esteem