Question 1

Jessie has a nagging backache after a day spent raking leaves.This nagging pain
A) involves the body's reminding system for pain.
B) is carried by small nerve fibers.
C) may cause agony long after this injury has healed.
D) involves all of these characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The nagging backache Jessie has after a day spent raking leaves involves the body's reminding system for pain, which is carried by small nerve fibers. This type of pain may also cause agony long after the injury has healed. Therefore, all of these characteristics are present.

Question 2

Melzack believes that the pain relieving effects of acupuncture are explained by the __________ theory.
A) sensory adaptation
B) sensory conflict
C) Gestalt perception
D) gate control

Accepted Answer

Melzack believes that the pain relieving effects of acupuncture are explained by the gate control theory. This theory proposes that non-painful input can close the "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system. Acupuncture stimulates non-painful inputs and can therefore activate the same gating mechanisms to reduce pain.

Question 3

The acupuncture needles activate the small pain fibers, which
A) cause sensory adaptation to the pain messages.
B) create sensory conflict within the pain response matrix of the brain.
C) close the spinal gate to the pain directly.
D) relay through the central biasing system to close the gates to the chronic pain.

Accepted Answer

The acupuncture needles activate the small pain fibers, which relay through the central biasing system to close the gates to chronic pain. This process involves the release of endogenous opioids and other neurotransmitters that modulate the pain response. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Options A, B, and C are not accurate descriptions of the mechanism of acupuncture.

Question 4

Messages carried by large, fast nerve fibers can prevent the slower, "reminding system" pain from reaching the brain by
A) closing the spinal gate directly.
B) passing through the pain gate and on to a central biasing system.
C) inhibiting the production of endorphins.
D) causing rapid sensory adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Large, fast nerve fibers can close the spinal gate directly, which prevents the slower "reminding system" pain from reaching the brain. This is known as the gate control theory of pain.

Question 5

Regarding the experience of pain, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Acupuncture has been shown to cure diseases and produce long-term pain relief in 80 percent of the people tested.
B) Phantom limb pain occurs because the neuromatrix interprets other sensory experiences as pain from the missing limb.
C) Acupuncture needles activate the large pain fibers, which close the spinal gate directly.
D) Phantom limb pain is best explained by the gate control theory.

Accepted Answer

Phantom limb pain is believed to occur because the neuromatrix, a pattern-forming network in the brain, interprets other sensory experiences as pain from the missing limb. Acupuncture has shown some effectiveness in pain relief, but not to the extent stated in option A. Option C is partially correct, as acupuncture needles do activate pain fibers, but it is the small pain fibers that are thought to be activated which then leads to the spinal gate being closed. Option D is incorrect as the gate control theory does not fully explain the phenomenon of phantom limb pain.

Question 6

Regarding the gate control theory and acupuncture, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Messages carried by large, fast nerve fibers seem to close the spinal gate directly.
B) Messages from small, slow fibers go through the pain gate and on to a "central biasing system."
C) The acupuncture needles activate the large, fast nerve fibers and close the spinal gate directly.
D) Acupuncture produces short-term pain relief, but the claims of this procedure curing illnesses is much more debatable.

Accepted Answer

The acupuncture needles do not activate the large, fast nerve fibers directly, but instead stimulate both small, slow fibers and large, fast fibers, which can lead to pain relief by closing the spinal gate.

Question 7

Which type of somatic pain gets worse if the pain stimulus is repeated and can cause agony long after an injury has healed, or in terminal illnesses, when the reminder is useless?
A) vestibular system
B) kinesthetic system
C) reminding system
D) warning system

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of somatic pain gets worse...

Question 8

The gate control theory was proposed by
A) John Mitterer.
B) Lawrence Kohlberg.
C) Colin Blakemore.
D) Ronald Melzack.

Accepted Answer

The gate control theory was proposed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in 1965.

Question 9

Which theory explains how one type of pain will sometimes cancel another?
A) gate control theory
B) sensory conflict theory
C) sensory adaptation theory
D) lock-and-key theory

Accepted Answer

The gate control theory states that when a painful stimulus is experienced, the pain signal will be sent to the spinal cord and then on to the brain. However, the pain signal can be "gated" or blocked by other sensory input, such as touch or pressure. Therefore, the presence of one type of pain can cancel out another by essentially "closing the gate" to the pain signal.

Question 10

Ronald Melzack's theory that some pain messages can block other pain messages is called
A) physiological nystagmus.
B) the endorphin theory.
C) the gate control theory.
D) receptor interlocking.

Accepted Answer

Ronald Melzack's theory that some pain messages can block other pain messages is called the gate control theory. This theory proposes that there is a "gate" in the spinal cord that can open to allow pain signals to reach the brain or close to prevent them from reaching the brain. This gate can be influenced by various factors, including physical stimulus, cognitive and emotional factors, and the release of endorphins.

Question 11

Messages carried from small, slow fibers tend to
A) close the spinal gate directly.
B) pass through the pain gate and on to a central biasing system.
C) inhibit the production of endorphins.
D) cause rapid sensory adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Small, slow fibers carry messages that are transmitted through the pain gate and on to a central biasing system, which then determines whether the pain message should be blocked or allowed to reach consciousness.

Question 12

Regarding aspects of warning pain, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Warning system pain is carried by small nerve fibers.
B) Warning pain quickly disappears.
C) Without warning pain, we would be unable to detect or prevent injury.
D) Warning pain is a signal that the body has been, or is about to be, damaged.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding aspects of warning pain, which of...

Question 13

Which of the following is created by your brain and allows you to perceive your own body?
A) an avatar persona
B) a neuromatrix
C) the self-archetype
D) a figure-ground orientation

Accepted Answer

The neuromatrix is a network of neurons in the brain that creates a virtual reality of the body to allow perception and awareness of the self.

Question 14

The Chinese medical art of relieving pain and illness by inserting thin needles into the body is called
A) anosmia.
B) acupuncture.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) sensory conflict.

Accepted Answer

The Chinese medical art of relieving pain and illness by inserting thin needles into the body is called acupuncture.

Question 15

Regarding aspects of pain, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Reminding system pain is carried by large nerve fibers.
B) Reminding system pain can cause agony long after an injury has healed.
C) Children who are born with a rare inherited insensitivity to pain repeatedly burn themselves, break bones, bite their tongues, and become ill without knowing it.
D) It is hard for people with a congenital pain insensitivity to have empathy for the pain of others.

Accepted Answer

Reminding system pain is carried by small nerve fibers, not large ones. Large nerve fibers carry signals related to touch and pressure.

Question 16

Which theory explains that pain messages from different nerve fibers pass through the same neural area in the spinal cord and that if the gate is "closed" by one pain message, other messages may not be able to pass through?
A) sensory adaptation
B) sensory conflict
C) gate control theory
D) lock-and-key theory

Accepted Answer

The gate control theory explains that pain messages from different nerve fibers pass through the same neural area in the spinal cord and that if the gate is "closed" by one pain message, other messages may not be able to pass through.

Question 17

Before sending messages down the spinal cord and closing the pain gate, messages from the small, slow fibers must first pass through the pain gate and on to the __________ system.
A) central biasing
B) vestibular
C) kinesthetic
D) sensory matrix

Accepted Answer

The message from the small, slow fibers must first pass through the pain gate and on to the central biasing system before being sent down the spinal cord and closing the pain gate. The central biasing system serves to modulate pain signals and act as a gatekeeper for incoming pain messages. The other options (vestibular, kinesthetic, sensory matrix) are not directly involved in the processing of pain signals.

Question 18

Acupuncture is the Chinese medical art of relieving pain and illness by inserting thin needles into the body that activate the
A) semicircular canals.
B) kinesthetic system.
C) large pain fibers.
D) small pain fibers.

Accepted Answer

Acupuncture works by activating small pain fibers in the body. These fibers then send signals to the brain to release endorphins, which are natural pain relievers.

Question 19

Bobby cut his finger while slicing a tomato.The first pain message he received
A) was carried by small nerve fibers.
B) involved the body's reminding system for pain.
C) quickly disappeared.
D) was characterized by all of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bobby cut his finger while slicing a...

Question 20

Individuals with which of the following conditions find it difficult to empathize with the pain of others?
A) warning pain syndrome
B) a somesthetic sense
C) congenital pain insensitivity
D) a masochism disorder

Accepted Answer

Congenital pain insensitivity is a rare genetic condition in which individuals do not experience physical pain. As a result, they find it difficult to empathize with the pain of others.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception.

Jessie has a nagging backache after a day spent raking leaves.This nagging pain

Melzack believes that the pain relieving effects of acupuncture are explained by the __________ theory.

The acupuncture needles activate the small pain fibers, which

Messages carried by large, fast nerve fibers can prevent the slower, "reminding system" pain from reaching the brain by

Regarding the experience of pain, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Regarding the gate control theory and acupuncture, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which type of somatic pain gets worse if the pain stimulus is repeated and can cause agony long after an injury has healed, or in terminal illnesses, when the reminder is useless?

The gate control theory was proposed by

Which theory explains how one type of pain will sometimes cancel another?

Ronald Melzack's theory that some pain messages can block other pain messages is called

Messages carried from small, slow fibers tend to

Regarding aspects of warning pain, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is created by your brain and allows you to perceive your own body?

The Chinese medical art of relieving pain and illness by inserting thin needles into the body is called

Regarding aspects of pain, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which theory explains that pain messages from different nerve fibers pass through the same neural area in the spinal cord and that if the gate is "closed" by one pain message, other messages may not be able to pass through?

Before sending messages down the spinal cord and closing the pain gate, messages from the small, slow fibers must first pass through the pain gate and on to the __________ system.

Acupuncture is the Chinese medical art of relieving pain and illness by inserting thin needles into the body that activate the

Bobby cut his finger while slicing a tomato.The first pain message he received

Individuals with which of the following conditions find it difficult to empathize with the pain of others?