Question 1

Forty-six-year-old Debbie can clearly read the highway signs as she drives, but for the first time in her life, she is having trouble reading the words and numbers in the phone book.Debbie most likely has which vision problem?
A) myopia
B) hyperopia
C) astigmatism
D) presbyopia

Accepted Answer

The fact that Debbie can still read highway signs suggests that her distance vision is still intact, but she is struggling with near vision tasks like reading the phone book. This is a common age-related vision problem known as presbyopia, which typically affects individuals around their 40s or 50s. Myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness) usually manifest earlier in life and affect both distance and near vision, while astigmatism can cause blurry vision at any distance depending on the angle of the irregularly shaped cornea.

Question 2

Which receptor cells produce color sensations and fine details, work best in bright light, and lie mainly at the center of the eye?
A) phosphenes
B) rods
C) cones
D) stereocilia

Accepted Answer

Cones are the receptor cells that produce color sensations and fine details, and they work best in bright light. They are mainly concentrated in the fovea, which is the center of the eye responsible for high acuity vision.

Question 3

Regarding the retina, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) The retina consists of many more cones than rods.
B) Light first passes through the cornea, the lens, the vitreous humor, and the outer layers of the retina.
C) Only about half of the light falling on the front of the eye ever reaches the rods and cones in the retina.
D) The part of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eye contains no rods or cones and is known as the blind spot.

Accepted Answer

The statement "The retina consists of many more cones than rods" is false. In reality, the retina consists of many more rods than cones (about 20 times more rods than cones).

Question 4

Michael just turned 45 and is getting glasses for the first time because he has difficulty reading newspapers, telephone books, and the instructions on medicine bottles.His eye doctor diagnosed his vision problem as
A) hyperopia.
B) myopia.
C) astigmatism.
D) presbyopia.

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is a common age-related vision problem that causes difficulty focusing on close objects, such as reading material. It is characterized by a gradual decline in the flexibility of the lens in the eye, making it harder to adjust to varying distances. Michael's age and symptoms suggest that he is experiencing presbyopia.

Question 5

As people age, which part of the eye becomes less flexible and less able to accommodate?
A) fovea
B) retina
C) lens
D) iris

Accepted Answer

The lens of the eye becomes less flexible with age, making it less able to accommodate and leading to a condition called presbyopia. This is why many people need reading glasses or bifocals as they get older. The fovea is a small area in the center of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision, but it does not become less flexible with age. The retina and iris also do not become less flexible with age.

Question 6

The eye has two types of "image sensors," consisting of receptor cells called the
A) iris and pupil.
B) lens and pupil.
C) cornea and the ciliary muscles.
D) rods and cones.

Accepted Answer

The rods and cones are the two types of receptors in the eye that function as image sensors. The rods are responsible for detecting light and dark and perceiving shapes, while the cones are responsible for detecting color. The other options listed are all parts of the eye, but they do not function as image sensors.

Question 7

Which of the following terms comes from the Latin word for "old vision" and refers to farsightedness due to aging?
A) hyperopia
B) myopia
C) presbyopia
D) astigmatism

Accepted Answer

"Presbyopia" comes from the Latin words "presbus" meaning "old" and "opsis" meaning "vision." It refers to the natural deterioration of near vision that occurs with aging.

Question 8

The blind spot is formed
A) by an abnormally shaped eyeball.
B) where the cornea and lens are connected.
C) where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
D) when a person has brain damage.

Accepted Answer

The blind spot is formed where the optic nerve leaves the eye. At this point, there are no light-sensitive cells on the retina, which creates a spot where images cannot be formed. This is a natural occurrence and is present in all eyes.

Question 9

Numbering about five million in each eye, which receptor cells produce color sensations and work best in bright light?
A) phosphenes
B) rods
C) cones
D) stereocilia

Accepted Answer

Cones are the receptor cells that produce color sensations and work best in bright light. There are about five million cones in each eye. Phosphenes are the visual sensations that occur without light entering the eye, rods are receptor cells that detect light and work best in low light conditions, and stereocilia are hair-like structures found in the inner ear.

Question 10

Presbyopia is a condition of the eyes caused by aging in which the person cannot
A) focus on distant objects.
B) see very well in bright illumination.
C) focus on objects near the eyes.
D) see clearly because the lens is pigmented.

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is a condition in which the ability to focus on objects near the eyes decreases with age, resulting in difficulty seeing things up close. This is due to the hardening of the lens in the eye.

Question 11

The part of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the
A) lens.
B) retina.
C) blind spot.
D) pupil.

Accepted Answer

The part of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the blind spot. This is because there are no light-sensitive cells in this area, so anything that falls on the blind spot cannot be seen.

Question 12

The cones of the retina
A) number about five million in each human eye.
B) are specialized for seeing black and white sensations.
C) occur most commonly in the periphery of the retina.
D) allow us to see in dim light.

Accepted Answer

The cones of the retina number about five million in each human eye.

Question 13

The presence of which of the following parts of the retina shows that vision depends greatly on the visual cortex of the brain actively filling in the gap with patterns from surrounding areas?
A) iris
B) pupil
C) fovea
D) blind spot

Accepted Answer

The presence of the blind spot in the retina shows that vision depends greatly on the visual cortex of the brain actively filling in the gap with patterns from surrounding areas. The blind spot is the small area in the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye, leaving no receptor cells. Therefore, the brain fills in the missing information to create a seamless picture of the visual world.

Question 14

The type of visual defect that a person experiences with presbyopia is similar to that of a person with
A) color blindness.
B) astigmatism.
C) myopia.
D) hyperopia.

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia and hyperopia both involve difficulty focusing on close objects due to the eye's inability to properly focus light on the retina.

Question 15

The part of the retina where there are no rods or cones is called the
A) iris.
B) pupil.
C) fovea.
D) blind spot.

Accepted Answer

The blind spot is the area on the retina where there are no rods or cones, and therefore no visual information can be processed. This is where the optic nerve exits the eye, and there are no cells present to detect light or color.

Question 16

Bifocal lenses are used to correct
A) near vision.
B) distance vision.
C) presbyopia.
D) both near vision and distance vision.

Accepted Answer

Bifocal lenses have two separate parts, one for correcting near vision and another for correcting distance vision. This makes them ideal for correcting both near and distance vision, as well as presbyopia, which is a condition that affects the ability to focus on near objects due to age-related changes in the eyes.

Question 17

The area known as the blind spot is so named because
A) nerve cells have been permanently damaged.
B) a person no longer has peripheral vision.
C) there are no photoreceptors in this area.
D) there is no activity in the fovea.

Accepted Answer

The blind spot is named so because there are no photoreceptors (specifically rods and cones) in this area. Therefore, light that falls on this area cannot be detected by the retina and is not seen by the brain, resulting in a "blind spot" in our visual field.

Question 18

Numbering about 120 million in each eye, which receptor cells allow us to see in dim light and are responsible for our seeing black and white images?
A) phosphenes
B) rods
C) cones
D) stereocilia

Accepted Answer

Rods are responsible for allowing us to see in dim light and for our seeing black and white images.

Question 19

The cones of the retina
A) are responsible for peripheral vision.
B) are specialized for color sensations and fine details.
C) function best in dim light conditions.
D) are much more sensitive to light than the rods are.

Accepted Answer

Cones are responsible for color vision and fine details. Rods, on the other hand, are responsible for peripheral vision and function best in dim light conditions. While cones may be more sensitive to light than rods in certain situations, they are not generally considered to be much more sensitive.

Question 20

The rods of the retina
A) number about 120 million in each eye and are found mainly in the periphery of the eye.
B) are specialized for color sensations and detecting fine details.
C) function best in bright light.
D) are characterized by all of these.

Accepted Answer

Rods are more numerous in the retina than cones, with about 120 million rods in each eye. They are found mainly in the periphery of the retina and are responsible for peripheral vision and detecting motion. Rods are not specialized for color sensations and detecting fine details, but rather function best in dim light, making them important for night vision.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception.

Forty-six-year-old Debbie can clearly read the highway signs as she drives, but for the first time in her life, she is having trouble reading the words and numbers in the phone book.Debbie most likely has which vision problem?

Which receptor cells produce color sensations and fine details, work best in bright light, and lie mainly at the center of the eye?

Regarding the retina, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Michael just turned 45 and is getting glasses for the first time because he has difficulty reading newspapers, telephone books, and the instructions on medicine bottles.His eye doctor diagnosed his vision problem as

As people age, which part of the eye becomes less flexible and less able to accommodate?

The eye has two types of "image sensors," consisting of receptor cells called the

Which of the following terms comes from the Latin word for "old vision" and refers to farsightedness due to aging?

The blind spot is formed

Numbering about five million in each eye, which receptor cells produce color sensations and work best in bright light?

Presbyopia is a condition of the eyes caused by aging in which the person cannot

The part of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the

The cones of the retina

The presence of which of the following parts of the retina shows that vision depends greatly on the visual cortex of the brain actively filling in the gap with patterns from surrounding areas?

The type of visual defect that a person experiences with presbyopia is similar to that of a person with

The part of the retina where there are no rods or cones is called the

Bifocal lenses are used to correct

The area known as the blind spot is so named because

Numbering about 120 million in each eye, which receptor cells allow us to see in dim light and are responsible for our seeing black and white images?

The cones of the retina

The rods of the retina