Question 1

Deodorant, soaps, toothpaste, and countless other products are pushed in ads that play on our desires to be attractive, to have "sex appeal," or to avoid embarrassment, which illustrates how​

Accepted Answer

Motives refer to our desires, needs, and wants that shape our perceptions of the world around us. In this case, the desire to be attractive or avoid embarrassment affects our perception of the usefulness and necessity of certain products, leading to their promotion and consumption through advertising.

Question 2

Labeling people as "gang members" or "mental patients" tends to

Accepted Answer

Labeling people as "gang members" or "mental patients" tends to distort perceptions. It can lead to stereotypes and assumptions about the person's behavior, values, and motivations. This can result in discrimination and prejudice based on preconceived notions rather than individual characteristics or actions.

Question 3

You are low on gas and you see a sign saying "FUEL AHEAD." However, as you draw closer to the sign, you realize it actually says "FOOD AHEAD." This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a perceptual expectancy, where the person's expectations (in this case, the expectation of finding fuel) influence their perception of the sign. They "see" what they expect to see, rather than what is actually there.

Question 4

Because Janie has more experience with people from her own race, she is better able to recognize people from her own race and tends to show a bias in perceiving persons from other racial and ethnic groups.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

The other-race effect refers to the tendency to have more difficulty recognizing and perceiving facial differences among individuals of another race compared to one's own race. This effect can be influenced by individuals' experience and exposure to different racial and ethnic groups.

Question 5

You enter a class and sit by a student, who tells you that Dr.Martin is hard and boring and does not care whether the students learn or not.At the end of the lecture, a friend asks you about Dr.Martin's class, and you tell her that a student you met before class was "certainly right" about Dr.Martin.His lecture was boring, and he does not care about his students.Your friend replies that he was the "best professor" she ever had, that he graded fairly, told interesting stories, and was always willing to help the students after class.Your original view of the teacher was due to

Accepted Answer

The student's initial perception of Dr. Martin was influenced by the comment made by another student, which created a perceptual set. This bias towards the teacher affected the way they perceived the lecture, and they were more likely to notice negative aspects while ignoring positive ones.

Question 6

According to psychologist Barbara Frederickson, the scope of one's attention is actually broadened by

Accepted Answer

According to Barbara Frederickson's broaden-and-build theory, positive emotions such as joy, contentment, and love broaden our attention and increase our awareness and cognitive flexibility. This, in turn, leads to building psychological resources and resilience over time. Negative emotions, on the other hand, narrow our focus and cause us to have a more limited and rigid perspective.

Question 7

One explanation for the greatly differing accounts of the same athletic contest by fans of opposing teams involves the

Accepted Answer

Motives can greatly influence how a person perceives and remembers an event, especially if they have a strong emotional investment in the outcome. Fans of opposing teams may have biases and motives that affect how they interpret the same athletic contest.

Question 8

In the young woman/old woman illustration in your textbook, the effect of seeing either the picture of the "old woman" or the picture of the "young woman" first will lead a person to respond in a particular way to the third picture in which both an "old" and a "young" woman can be seen.Seeing the first picture of either the "old" or the "young" woman created which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Seeing the first picture of either the "old" or the "young" woman creates a perceptual expectancy in the person, leading them to look for features in the third picture that match their preconceived notion of what they expect to see based on which picture they saw first.

Question 9

Perceptual expectancies are frequently created by

Accepted Answer

Perceptual expectancies can be created by suggestion, which is when an outside influence guides a person's perception or interpretation of something. This can occur through verbal suggestions, as well as through implicit social cues or environmental factors.

Question 10

According to psychologist Barbara Frederickson, which of the following generally narrows our perceptual focus and increases the likelihood of inattentional blindness?

Accepted Answer

According to psychologist Barbara Frederickson, negative emotions generally narrow our perceptual focus and increase the likelihood of inattentional blindness.

Question 11

Because Robin has more experience with people from her own race, she is better able to recognize people from her own race because she is more familiar with the features that help us recognize different persons.This illustrates the effects of

Accepted Answer

Perceptual learning refers to changes in the brain that enhance a person's ability to perceive and recognize stimuli through experience and practice. In this scenario, Robin's experience with her own race has allowed her to become more familiar with the features that help her recognize different people from her race. This is an example of perceptual learning. The other choices (habituation, sensory adaptation, dishabituation) do not accurately capture the phenomenon described in the scenario.

Question 12

According to psychologist Barbara Frederickson, negative emotions generally narrow our perceptual focus, increasing the likelihood of

Accepted Answer

Negative emotions can cause inattentional blindness, meaning we become so focused on the negative stimulus that we fail to notice other important aspects of our surroundings. This narrowing of our perceptual focus can lead to us missing information we would otherwise perceive.

Question 13

If you are riding in a car and are running low on gas, your attention will shift to gas stations.This is an example of the influence of

Accepted Answer

Motives are the driving force behind our behavior and can direct our attention towards certain goals or needs. In this scenario, the low gas level creates a motive to find a gas station, which influences the attention of the passenger.

Question 14

In one study, participants said that a $90 wine tasted better than a $10 wine, although the participants had really tasted the same wine.Interestingly, the participants' functional MRI images showed that the pleasure areas of their brains were more active when they were told they were drinking the "$90 wine." The results of this experiment illustrate that

Accepted Answer

The study shows that suggesting the wine was expensive created a perceptual expectancy that it would taste better, even though it was the same wine as the $10 one. This suggests that our perception of taste can be influenced by external factors such as price, brand name, or packaging.

Question 15

Advertisers often gain attention when selling a product by

Accepted Answer

Advertisers often use motives such as anxiety and sex to gain attention and appeal to emotions. This technique is known as emotional advertising and is common in today's media landscape. By tapping into these basic human motivators, advertisers hope to appeal to consumers on a psychological level and ultimately influence their purchasing behavior.

Question 16

In one study, participants said that a $90 wine tasted better than a $10 wine, although the participants had really tasted the same wine.The participants' functional MRI images showed that the pleasure areas of their brains were

Accepted Answer

The pleasure areas of the participants' brains were more active when they thought they were tasting the more expensive wine. This suggests that the participants' perception of the wine's price influenced their experience of its taste.

Question 17

Research on perceptual sensitivity has shown that people

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people are more likely to recognize faces of people from their own race, indicating a perceptual sensitivity to differences in facial features among different racial groups.

Question 18

An individual's ability to recognize people from other races improves when the individual is

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual's ability to recognize people from...

Question 19

If you are hungry, food and even food-related words are more likely to gain your attention than nonfood-related words.This illustrates the influence of

Accepted Answer

The fact that hunger is directing attention towards food and food-related words suggests that motives are influencing attention. Hunger is motivating and therefore increases the likelihood of attending to food-related stimuli.

Question 20

In tests of facial recognition, people

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people exhibit a consistent other-race effect, meaning they are generally better at recognizing faces of their own race compared to faces of other races. Option A is incorrect as research shows a bias towards recognizing faces of their own race. Option C is also incorrect as negative mood does not improve one's ability to recognize faces of other races.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception.