Question 1

A CEO of a company and his associates give the prospective employees assignments to buy, sell, or start new businesses in order to predict which one will eventually be hired by the CEO's company.This technique described above illustrates

Accepted Answer

The technique described is situational testing, as the prospective employees are given a specific situation or scenario to work with, and their performance is evaluated based on how well they handle the situation. This method is common in job interviews, and is used to assess the candidate's ability to handle real-world scenarios that may arise in the job they are applying for. Projective testing and the TAT technique are both methods of assessing personality traits and attitudes, and involve more free-form responses from the test-taker. The halo effect refers to the tendency for an evaluator to be biased by one positive aspect of a person or thing, and to ignore or minimize negative aspects as a result. While the halo effect can influence evaluations in many different contexts, it is not the best description of the technique described in this question.

Question 2

In direct observations, an alternative to rating scales can be used in which the frequency of specific actions are counted.This is called a

Accepted Answer

The frequency of specific actions being counted is a characteristic of behavioral assessments, making it the best choice among the given options. Personality questionnaires involve self-reports and rating scales, projective tests rely on subjective interpretation, and structured interviews follow a set format for questioning rather than counting specific actions.

Question 3

In order that the scores will be unaffected by the biases of the test examiner, the questions, administration, and scoring of a personality questionnaire are

Accepted Answer

Standardization is a process that ensures that the questions, administration, and scoring of a personality questionnaire are consistent and unbiased. This helps to ensure that the scores obtained are reliable and accurate, and are not influenced by the biases of the test examiner. Projective techniques rely on ambiguous stimuli and open-ended questions, which make them more subjective and unstructured. Situationally tested questions are specific to a particular situation and may not be reliably applicable to other situations.

Question 4

Exposing a person to simulated conditions to learn how he or she reacts under those conditions is called

Accepted Answer

Situational testing involves creating simulated conditions to assess how a person reacts under those conditions. This type of testing is commonly used in fields such as law enforcement and military training, where individuals need to be able to think and act quickly under pressure. Stress testing, while somewhat similar, typically involves subjecting an object or system to extreme conditions to see how it holds up. Unstructured interviewing and field rating are not related to this type of testing.

Question 5

A psychologist who wants to use the most objective measure and avoid the halo effect in assessing personality should use

Accepted Answer

Personality questionnaires are designed to be objective measures, with standardized questions and scoring systems that minimize subjective interpretation and biases such as the halo effect, compared to interviews and direct observation which are more subjective.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most objective measure?

Accepted Answer

Personality questionnaires are typically standardized and scored in a consistent manner, making them more objective compared to other methods like interviews or projective tests, which can be more subjective and open to interpretation.

Question 7

If you wanted to find out how a person would react under emergency situations, such as how fire fighters, police, and EMT's react to a terrorist attack, you would most likely use

Accepted Answer

Situational testing is the best choice for assessing how individuals would react under emergency situations. This type of testing involves creating simulations of actual emergency scenarios and evaluating how participants respond to them. This can provide insight into how individuals would react in real-life situations and can be useful in selecting individuals for jobs that require quick thinking and decision-making under pressure. Stress testing may also be useful but situational testing provides a more specific evaluation of emergency response.

Question 8

Regarding behavioral assessments, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding behavioral assessments, which of the following...

Question 9

Psychologists who find it helpful to record the frequency of a patient's aggression, self-care, and unusual actions would use

Accepted Answer

A behavioral assessment involves recording and measuring specific behaviors. In this case, the psychologists are specifically tracking the frequency of aggression, self-care, and unusual actions, which is a form of behavioral assessment. Situational testing and projective techniques are not the best choices in this scenario, as they do not involve directly observing or measuring behavior. Rating scales may be helpful in some situations, but they do not necessarily involve the same level of detail or specificity as a behavioral assessment.

Question 10

During a direct observation, which of the following techniques can limit the chance that some traits will be overlooked or that some traits will be exaggerated?

Accepted Answer

Rating scales allow for a more structured and objective evaluation of observed traits, minimizing the chance of overlooking or exaggerating certain traits. Situational tests, projective tests, and unstructured interviews may allow for more subjective interpretations and can lead to a higher chance of missing important traits or overemphasizing certain behaviors.

Question 11

The shoot-don't shoot training procedure used by many police departments is an example of

Accepted Answer

The shoot-don't shoot training procedure is a form of situational testing, where police officers are placed in various simulated scenarios and have to make split-second decisions on whether to use lethal force or not. This training method allows departments to assess an officer's judgment and decision-making skills in high-pressure situations similar to those they may encounter in real-life situations.

Question 12

Regarding a study using behavioral assessments, it was found that couples with sexual difficulties were more likely to do which of the following than couples with no sexual difficulties?

Accepted Answer

The study found that couples with sexual difficulties were more likely to blame each other for the difficulties they were facing. While they may be receptive to talking about their sexuality, the tendency to blame each other is a more prominent behavior. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 13

Since the participants' personality characteristics are revealed as they are exposed to frustrations, temptations, pressure, and boredom, some of the recently popular "reality TV" programs, such as Survivor, American Idol, and The Amazing Race, bear some similarity to

Accepted Answer

The description in the question suggests that these reality TV programs are designed to create situational tests for the participants. By exposing them to various challenges, producers can observe how they react under stress, frustration, temptation, and boredom. This is similar to actual situational tests used in some employment settings, where candidates are placed in simulated work situations to observe their behavior and evaluate their job-related skills. While some elements of projective tests and behavioral assessments may also be present in some of these reality TV shows, the focus on situational testing seems to be the most salient aspect. The MMPI-2, a specific personality test, is not really relevant in this context.

Question 14

Which type of test gives the same score when different people score it?

Accepted Answer

Objective tests are designed to give the same score when different people score it. This is because the questions are structured in a way that allows for clear and unambiguous answers. This makes the scoring process more objective and free from personal biases or interpretations.

Question 15

Helen's students would most likely use which of the following techniques to evaluate aspects of Helen's teaching behaviors as well as such personality traits as helpfulness and enthusiasm?

Accepted Answer

A rating scale would be the most appropriate technique for evaluating aspects of Helen's teaching behaviors as well as personality traits such as helpfulness and enthusiasm. A rating scale would allow the students to rate Helen's behaviors and traits using a predetermined set of criteria along a continuum, such as from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." This would provide a standardized and quantitative method for evaluating Helen's performance. A personality questionnaire would be more appropriate for assessing general personality traits rather than specific teaching behaviors. A behavioral assessment scale is typically used to assess specific behaviors rather than broader personality traits, and may not capture the full range of Helen's performance as a teacher. A situational test involves placing the individual in specific scenarios to elicit their behavior, which may not be feasible or appropriate for evaluating a teacher's performance in the classroom.

Question 16

A student is given a multiple choice test that would be scored the same way no matter which teacher graded it.This illustrates that the test is

Accepted Answer

An objective test is one where the grading is not influenced by the grader's personal opinion or bias. The fact that the test would be scored the same way regardless of which teacher graded it demonstrates that it is an objective test.

Question 17

Which of the following techniques involves the observers counting the frequency of specific behaviors and recording actions, rather than just listing what traits they think the person has?

Accepted Answer

A behavioral assessment involves observing and recording specific behaviors, while a rating scale typically involves the observer rating the individual on various traits. Situational testing involves placing the individual in a simulated situation and observing their behavior, while projective techniques involve asking the individual to interpret ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots. Therefore, the best choice is C, a behavioral assessment.

Question 18

Barbara, a school psychologist, is recording the aggressive actions of a particular child in the classroom and on the playground by counting the frequency of specific aggressive behaviors, such as verbal threats, gestures, and physical aggressive contacts he has with other children.Barbara is using

Accepted Answer

Barbara is using a behavioral assessment, which involves observing and counting specific behaviors to determine the frequency and severity of a problem. Situational testing, the TAT technique, and projective testing all involve different kinds of assessments that are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 19

Objective paper-and-pencil tests that reveal personality characteristics are known as

Accepted Answer

Personality questionnaires are specifically designed to measure personality traits through self-report. They are a type of objective test that asks individuals to answer a series of questions about themselves in order to reveal their underlying personality characteristics. Projective tests such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test, on the other hand, are more subjective in nature and rely on the individual's interpretation of ambiguous stimuli. Behavioral assessments and rating scales may also be used to assess personality, but they are not necessarily paper-and-pencil tests.

Question 20

In conducting a behavioral assessment, you will be

Accepted Answer

Behavioral assessment primarily involves observing and recording a person's actions to understand their behavior patterns.

Quiz 12: Personality.