Question 1

Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, people who look "foreign" have become targets of hostility.This is an example of
A) stereotyped aggression.
B) displaced aggression.
C) symbolic prejudice.
D) egocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Displaced aggression occurs when negative feelings or aggression towards one source are redirected towards another, often more vulnerable or accessible, target. In the context of post-9/11 America, individuals who "look foreign" have faced hostility not because they were directly involved in the attacks, but because they are perceived as belonging to the same broad group as the attackers. This redirection of aggression from the actual source (the terrorists) to those who merely resemble them in some superficial way (based on ethnicity, nationality, or religion) exemplifies displaced aggression.

Question 2

If you show a negative attitude toward members of another group only because your friends or coworkers expect you to think about this group as they do, you are exhibiting
A) cognitive dissonance.
B) personal prejudice.
C) group prejudice.
D) discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice refers to adopting negative attitudes toward a group because of social pressure from the people who we associate with. It is not necessarily based on personal beliefs but more about conforming to the group's norms and expectations. Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort that arises when holding two conflicting beliefs or attitudes. Personal prejudice is a negative attitude that an individual holds towards someone else based on their personal beliefs and experiences. Discrimination refers to unfair treatment of someone based on their group membership.

Question 3

Group prejudice occurs when
A) groupthink occurs.
B) prejudice is directed toward a racial group.
C) there is a threat to an individual's security by a group.
D) there is adherence to group norms.

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice occurs when individuals conform to the norms and attitudes of their group, which may include prejudiced beliefs or behaviors.

Question 4

Gordon Allport concluded that there are two important sources of prejudice, which are
A) personal prejudice and group prejudice.
B) institutionalized prejudice and symbolic prejudice.
C) racial prejudice and gender biases.
D) social prejudice and ethnocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Allport identified personal prejudice, which stems from individual attitudes and feelings, and group prejudice, which arises from an individual's identification with specific groups and the group's attitudes towards other groups, as the two important sources of prejudice.

Question 5

Sam believes that members of another ethnic group are a threat to his obtaining a good job or receiving financial aid to attend college.Sam is exhibiting
A) discrimination.
B) personal prejudice.
C) group prejudice.
D) stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sam believes that members of another ethnic...

Question 6

While studying anti-Semitism, Adorno and colleagues found that
A) ​the development of prejudice is the direct result of negative experiences with a specific "out" group.
B) people ​who showed prejudice against one group also showed prejudice toward other "out" groups.
C) ​there were no specific personality traits associated with the development of prejudice.
D) ​peoplewho showed prejudice against one group were not necessarily prejudiced against other "out" groups.

Accepted Answer

Adorno and colleagues found that people who showed prejudice against one group also showed prejudice toward other "out" groups. This suggests a general tendency to have negative attitudes towards any group perceived as different or outside one's own. This is known as the "scapegoat theory" of prejudice.

Question 7

Which of the following researchers described the characteristics of the authoritarian personality?
A) ​Theodore Adorno
B) ​Albert Bandura
C) ​David Buss
D) ​Elliot Aronson

Accepted Answer

Theodore Adorno and his colleagues were best known for their study of the authoritarian personality, which they defined as a personality type characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a sense of personal inadequacy, and hostility towards outgroups.

Question 8

Once prejudices are established, they prevent us from
A) accepting more positive experiences that could reverse the damage.
B) becoming dogmatic and developing ethnocentrism.
C) future stereotyping.
D) experiencing cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

Prejudices create a cognitive bias that biases how we interpret and respond to situations. This bias can lead us to ignore or downplay positive experiences and only focus on negative experiences that confirm our prejudices. Therefore, prejudices make it difficult for us to accept more positive experiences that could challenge or reverse our biases.

Question 9

Garrett is a high school drop-out who has been looking for a good job for six months.He blames all the immigrants for his lack of a job rather than his lack of an education and some of the employers' choice to hire illegal aliens as employees without paying taxes.Garrett's hostility toward the immigrants is an example of
A) scapegoating.
B) group prejudice.
C) symbolic prejudice.
D) stereotyped aggression.

Accepted Answer

Garrett's blaming of immigrants for his lack of job is an example of scapegoating. Scapegoating is when individuals or groups are blamed for problems that they have little to no control over, in this case, the lack of job opportunities for Garrett. Garrett is projecting his frustrations and problems onto a group of people who have no power over his situation.

Question 10

Common sources of prejudice include
A) ​adherence to group norms
B) ​a general personality trait known as authoritarianism.
C) ​unfortunate experiences with members of the rejected group.
D) ​all of these.

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are common sources of prejudice. Adherence to group norms can lead to in-group favoritism and out-group hostility, while authoritarianism is associated with a strict adherence to traditional values and a tendency to view others as inferior. Unfortunate experiences with members of a particular group can also lead to prejudice and negative attitudes towards that group.

Question 11

Which of the following researchers started out by studying anti-Semitism and, in the process, found that people who are prejudiced against one group tend to be prejudiced against all out-groups?
A) Theodore Adorno
B) Albert Bandura
C) David Buss
D) Elliot Aronson

Accepted Answer

Theodore Adorno is best known for his work on the authoritarian personality and for his examination of the roots of anti-Semitism. He found that people who are prejudiced against one group tend to be prejudiced against all out-groups, a concept known as "the authoritarian personality."

Question 12

Peter, who belongs to the "preppie" clique at the high school, is seen talking to a couple members of the "gothic" clique.Several members of his "preppie" group explain to Peter why he should not be seen talking to "those other people." If Peter adheres to the expectations of his clique, he will be exhibiting
A) group prejudice.
B) personal prejudice.
C) scapegoating.
D) social stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice refers to negative attitudes or beliefs held by members of one social group towards members of another social group. In this case, the "preppie" group is exhibiting group prejudice towards the "gothic" clique, and expecting Peter to conform to that belief system. Personal prejudice, scapegoating, and social stereotyping may also be present, but the best fit for the situation described is group prejudice.

Question 13

William was bullied by members of a particular ethnic group all through elementary school.Due to this experience, he perceives all members of this ethnic group to be a threat to his safety and security.William is exhibiting
A) discrimination.
B) personal prejudice.
C) group prejudice.
D) stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of William was bullied by members of a...

Question 14

Some researchers believe that prejudice can be traced to a general personality pattern known as the __________ personality.
A) intolerant
B) authoritarian
C) Type A
D) antisocial

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is characterized by a desire for order, discipline, and obedience to authority. It is often associated with a belief in traditional values and a distrust of those who are different from oneself. Research has shown that individuals with an authoritarian personality are more likely to hold prejudiced attitudes towards various groups, including racial minorities, immigrants, and the LGBT community.

Question 15

Prejudice that occurs due to an adherence to group norms is called
A) groupthink.
B) group prejudice.
C) personal prejudice.
D) stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prejudice that occurs due to an adherence...

Question 16

When members of another social group represent a threat to an individual's security or comfort, the resultant prejudice is termed __________ prejudice.
A) personal
B) institutional
C) stereotyped
D) reference group

Accepted Answer

Personal prejudice is based on an individual's personal feelings or experiences towards a different social group, often due to a perceived threat to their security or comfort. Institutional prejudice refers to biases within societal institutions, such as systemic discrimination, while stereotyped prejudice involves assuming characteristics about a group based on stereotypes. Reference groups are social groups that individuals compare themselves to for social identity and self-evaluation, but do not necessarily involve prejudice.

Question 17

People who tend to value social conformity, oversimplify issues as totally right or totally wrong, and consider their own ethnic group and themselves superior to others are said to have a(n)__________ personality.
A) histrionic
B) authoritarian
C) Type A
D) Type B

Accepted Answer

The traits described in the question are consistent with an authoritarian personality, which tends to value obedience to authority and traditional values, be intolerant of ambiguity, and view one's own group as superior to others. The other options (histrionic, Type A, and Type B) do not match the description provided.

Question 18

Regarding prejudice and direct experiences, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) By the time they are three years old, many children show signs of race bias.
B) Prejudices that occur when members of another social group are perceived as a threat to one's own interests are referred to as group prejudices.
C) Once prejudices are established, they prevent us from accepting more positive experiences that could reverse the damage.
D) Subtle influences, such as parents' attitudes, the depiction of people in books and on TV, and exposure to children of other races, can have an impact on one becoming prejudiced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding prejudice and direct experiences, which of...

Question 19

A collection of personal attitudes and values marked by rigidity, inhibition, prejudice, oversimplification, and ethnocentrism describes the __________ personality.
A) antisocial
B) socially-distant
C) Type A
D) authoritarian

Accepted Answer

The described personality is characterized by authoritarian traits, including rigidity, prejudice, oversimplification, and ethnocentrism.

Question 20

During his rise to power, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's economic woes, which were really a result of Germany's loss of World War I.Consequently, his growing hostility resulted in the Holocaust.This is an example of
A) stereotyped aggression.
B) group prejudice.
C) symbolic prejudice.
D) scapegoating.

Accepted Answer

scapegoating involves blaming a particular group for societal problems or challenges, even when that group is not responsible. In this case, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's economic woes, despite the fact that they were not the cause. This led to the Holocaust, in which millions of Jews were targeted and killed by the Nazi regime.

Quiz 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, people who look "foreign" have become targets of hostility.This is an example of

If you show a negative attitude toward members of another group only because your friends or coworkers expect you to think about this group as they do, you are exhibiting

Group prejudice occurs when

Gordon Allport concluded that there are two important sources of prejudice, which are

Sam believes that members of another ethnic group are a threat to his obtaining a good job or receiving financial aid to attend college.Sam is exhibiting

While studying anti-Semitism, Adorno and colleagues found that

Which of the following researchers described the characteristics of the authoritarian personality?

Once prejudices are established, they prevent us from

Common sources of prejudice include

Which of the following researchers started out by studying anti-Semitism and, in the process, found that people who are prejudiced against one group tend to be prejudiced against all out-groups?

William was bullied by members of a particular ethnic group all through elementary school.Due to this experience, he perceives all members of this ethnic group to be a threat to his safety and security.William is exhibiting

Some researchers believe that prejudice can be traced to a general personality pattern known as the __________ personality.

Prejudice that occurs due to an adherence to group norms is called

When members of another social group represent a threat to an individual's security or comfort, the resultant prejudice is termed __________ prejudice.

People who tend to value social conformity, oversimplify issues as totally right or totally wrong, and consider their own ethnic group and themselves superior to others are said to have a(n) __________ personality.

Regarding prejudice and direct experiences, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A collection of personal attitudes and values marked by rigidity, inhibition, prejudice, oversimplification, and ethnocentrism describes the __________ personality.

During his rise to power, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's economic woes, which were really a result of Germany's loss of World War I.Consequently, his growing hostility resulted in the Holocaust.This is an example of