Question 1

Several theoretical viewpoints suggest that more frequent equal-status contact between groups in conflict should reduce prejudice and stereotyping, including the theory of
A) the halo effect.
B) social comparison.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) bystander intervention.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that when individuals' behaviors are not aligned with their beliefs or attitudes (such as engaging in equal-status contact with a group they have prejudices against), it can lead to discomfort (dissonance). To reduce this discomfort, individuals may change their attitudes or beliefs, potentially reducing prejudice and stereotyping.

Question 2

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the "red states and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with
A) reds being upper class and the blues being middle class.
B) reds being conservative and the blues being liberal.
C) reds being urban and the blues being rural.
D) reds being nonreligious and the blues being religious.

Accepted Answer

"Red" and "blue" have become commonly used nicknames for the Republican and Democratic parties, respectively. Therefore, red states are typically those where the majority of the population votes for Republican candidates, while blue states are those where Democratic candidates win more votes. Political affiliation is strongly correlated with ideological beliefs, and the majority of Republicans are conservative while the majority of Democrats are liberal. Therefore, choice B is the best option.

Question 3

Ethnic festivals help to introduce the public to different cultures and to slowly reduce stereotypes and prejudice.Educating the public on different cultures illustrates a direct means of changing an attitude by changing which component of an attitude?
A) ​action component
B) ​belief component
C) ​behavioral component
D) ​emotional component

Accepted Answer

The belief component refers to the beliefs or thoughts a person has about a particular attitude object (in this case, a different culture). By educating the public on different cultures, their beliefs or thoughts about those cultures may change, leading to a reduction in stereotypes and prejudice.

Question 4

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "red state" includes which characteristic?
A) liberal
B) lives in the American heartland
C) urban
D) nonreligious

Accepted Answer

The stereotype of a person from a "red state" typically includes living in the American heartland. The other choices are not typically associated with a person from a "red state."

Question 5

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "blue state" includes which characteristic?
A) Republican
B) middle-class
C) urban
D) religious

Accepted Answer

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "blue state" includes being urban, as blue states are often associated with more densely populated cities. The other characteristics listed are not typically associated with blue states.

Question 6

Equal-status contact between members of different social groups
A) can reduce prejudice and stereotyping.
B) decreases mutual interdependence.
C) increases discrimination.
D) increases intergroup conflict.

Accepted Answer

Equal-status contact between members of different social groups can reduce prejudice and stereotyping by promoting positive interactions, building empathy and understanding, and breaking down intergroup barriers. It allows individuals to recognize their shared humanity and common goals and interests, which can foster more positive attitudes and behaviors towards the outgroup.

Question 7

The demonstration by Jane Elliot with blue-eyed and brown-eyed children suggests that an effective way to generate conditions of prejudice is to
A) require persons to compete for scarce resources.
B) intermingle two diverse groups with each other.
C) produce inequalities in power, prestige, or privileges.
D) demand that members of two groups cooperate to achieve a common goal.

Accepted Answer

The demonstration by Jane Elliot shows that creating inequalities in power, prestige, or privileges between two groups can generate conditions of prejudice. This was demonstrated by assigning positive attributes to the blue-eyed group and negative attributes to the brown-eyed group, resulting in the brown-eyed children feeling inferior and experiencing discrimination. This highlights the role of power dynamics and social hierarchies in fueling prejudice and discrimination.

Question 8

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the "red states and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with
A) reds being upper class and the blues being middle class.
B) reds being liberal and the blues being conservative.
C) reds being urban and the blues being rural.
D) reds being religious and the blues being nonreligious.

Accepted Answer

Seyle and Newman suggest that the "red states and blue states" divide often reflects cultural differences, with red states typically being more religious and blue states being less so.

Question 9

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, using a purple American map rather than a red versus blue one
A) would highlight the fact that Americans of all political persuasions share more similarities than they do differences when compared to citizens of other countries.
B) would be more tolerant and less polarizing.
C) might result in a more productive national discussion about the important issues facing America today.
D) might result in all of these situations.

Accepted Answer

Using a purple American map rather than a red versus blue one would highlight the fact that Americans of all political persuasions share more similarities than they do differences when compared to citizens of other countries, be more tolerant and less polarizing, and might result in a more productive national discussion about the important issues facing America today.

Question 10

Regarding Jane Elliot's experiment and the effects of prejudice, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) In Jane Elliot's experiment, the prejudice was created using eye color and status inequalities.
B) ​Racism is a major source of stress in the lives of many people of color.
C) ​It took more than a week for the children in Jane Elliot's classroom to show signs of prejudice for their classmates and more than a month before the prejudice subsided.
D) ​Over time, prejudice can have a negative impact on a person's physical and emotional health.

Accepted Answer

The statement that it took more than a week for the children to show signs of prejudice and over a month for it to subside is false. In fact, the children demonstrated signs of prejudice within hours, and the experiment lasted only one day.

Question 11

Regarding Jane Elliot's demonstration with blue-eyed and brown-eyed children, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) The blue-eyed children rapidly joined Elliot in criticizing and belittling the brown-eyed children.
B) Although the brown-eyed children were being mistreated by Jane Elliot, their academic performance and test scores did not suffer.
C) Two days later, the roles of the children were reversed with the brown-eyed children now mistreating the blue-eyed children.
D) According to genetic evidence, judging people on skin color is just as superficial as judging people based on eye color.

Accepted Answer

The brown-eyed children's academic performance and test scores did suffer when they were being mistreated, demonstrating the impact of discrimination on performance.

Question 12

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the "red and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with this oversimplification ignoring the fact that
A) the presidential election of 2000 was very close in many of the states.
B) people can be religious and vote as a Democrat.
C) people can be economically conservative, while being liberal on social issues.
D) all of these exist.

Accepted Answer

All of these statements are true. The presidential election of 2000 was close in many states, indicating that there is more nuance and complexity to voting patterns than simply being a "red" or "blue" state. Additionally, people's political beliefs are not always tied to their religious affiliations, and individuals may hold conservative economic beliefs while simultaneously supporting liberal social policies.

Question 13

Social interaction that occurs without obvious differences in power and status is referred to as
A) individuating.
B) superordinate contact.
C) equal-status contact.
D) just-world interactions.

Accepted Answer

Equal-status contact refers to social interaction that occurs without obvious differences in power and status. This type of interaction has been found to reduce prejudice and improve intergroup relations, as individuals are able to see members of other groups as individuals rather than solely as representatives of a group.

Question 14

One of the most direct means of changing an attitude involves educating the general public about the lack of justification for prejudice and making the public aware that the members of various racial and ethnic groups share the same goals, ambitions, feelings, and frustrations as they do.These measures are being used to change which component of an attitude?​
A) ​emotional
B) ​belief
C) ​action orientation
D) ​behavioral

Accepted Answer

The measures described in the passage involve educating about the lack of justification for prejudice and the commonalities among different racial and ethnic groups. This targets the belief component of attitudes, which involves our beliefs about the characteristics, attributes, and behaviors associated with a particular group.

Question 15

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, a better approach than using the "red and blue states" map would include
A) using two maps, one denoting social issues as red or blue and economic issues as red or blue.
B) using the map to denote religious differences since this aspect of a person's life actually is the most influential factor in their voting.
C) denoting counties within states voting more than 70 percent Republican or 70 percent Democrat as "red" and "blue," respectively; and using purple for lower percentages.
D) switching the colors, since being liberal is closer to the ideology of communism.

Accepted Answer

Denoting counties within states voting more than 70 percent Republican or 70 percent Democrat as "red" and "blue," respectively; and using purple for lower percentages would provide a more accurate representation of the political diversity within each state, rather than painting an entire state with one color. It would also show how divided certain areas of the country are, rather than giving the false impression of a united "red" or "blue" state.

Question 16

Equal-status contact can best be described as
A) establishing social interactions where everyone is on an equal footing.
B) competition on an equal basis between diverse groups.
C) the development of groups that promote affirmative action.
D) the switching of roles to experience prejudice through another group's perspective.

Accepted Answer

Equal-status contact refers to the creation of social interactions where people of different social groups are placed on an equal footing. This can reduce prejudice and increase positive relationships between groups. Option B, competition on an equal basis, does not necessarily involve social interaction and may actually increase prejudice. Option C, the development of groups promoting affirmative action, may be a solution to address inequality but does not directly address prejudice reduction. Option D, switching of roles to experience prejudice, is a technique used in some interventions, but it does not involve interaction with members of different social groups.

Question 17

Several theoretical viewpoints, including the theory of cognitive dissonance, suggest that which of the following should reduce prejudice and stereotyping between groups in conflict?
A) increasing just-world interactions
B) ​decreasing mutual interdependence
C) ​increasing social competition
D) increasing equal-status contact

Accepted Answer

The theory of cognitive dissonance and other theories suggest that increasing equal-status contact between groups in conflict can reduce prejudice and stereotyping. This is because when individuals from different groups interact with each other on an equal basis, they are able to see each other as individuals rather than just members of a particular group, which can break down negative stereotypes and promote positive attitudes towards each other. Conversely, decreasing mutual interdependence and increasing social competition may actually increase prejudice and stereotyping between groups. Increasing just-world interactions may help to alleviate some negative attitudes towards outgroup members, but it is less likely to have a significant impact on prejudice reduction compared to increasing equal-status contact.

Question 18

Regarding the research on prejudice and ways to reduce it, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Jane Elliot's demonstration on prejudice illustrated that in less than one day it was possible to get children to hate each other because of eye color and status inequalities.
B) According to Seyle and Newman, the "red states and blue states" have become national shorthand for dividing Americans into two oversimplified stereotypes, leading to an increase in between-group prejudice.
C) The "blues" are supposed to be Republican, conservative, middle-class, rural, and religious, while the "reds" are supposed to be Democrat, liberal, upper class, urban, and nonreligious.
D) Racism is a major source of stress in the lives of many people of color, and, over time, it can have a negative impact on a person's physical and emotional health.

Accepted Answer

The statement that the "blues" are supposed to be Republican, conservative, middle-class, rural, and religious, while the "reds" are supposed to be Democrat, liberal, upper class, urban, and nonreligious is not accurate. The opposite is true, where Republicans tend to be associated with the color red and Democrats with blue.

Question 19

According to the research of psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, what has divided the United States into opposing camps over the last 10 years?
A) ethnic differences
B) rich versus poor
C) red states versus blue states regarding voting
D) regional differences, that is, Southern, Western, Eastern, Northern

Accepted Answer

Seyle and Newman's research suggests that the United States has been divided into opposing camps over the last 10 years based on voting patterns, with red states and blue states being the main distinction.

Question 20

In the study comparing the attitudes of European-American women who lived in integrated and segregated housing projects, the European-American women in the integrated housing
A) showed a favorable shift in attitude toward their African-American neighbors.
B) showed a slightly more prejudiced attitude toward their African-American neighbors.
C) became significantly prejudiced and displayed acts of intolerance.​
D) ​showed no change in their attitudes.

Accepted Answer

The study found that European-American women who lived in integrated housing projects showed a favorable shift in attitude toward their African-American neighbors.

Quiz 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Several theoretical viewpoints suggest that more frequent equal-status contact between groups in conflict should reduce prejudice and stereotyping, including the theory of

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the "red states and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with

Ethnic festivals help to introduce the public to different cultures and to slowly reduce stereotypes and prejudice.Educating the public on different cultures illustrates a direct means of changing an attitude by changing which component of an attitude?

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "red state" includes which characteristic?

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the stereotype of a person from a "blue state" includes which characteristic?

Equal-status contact between members of different social groups

The demonstration by Jane Elliot with blue-eyed and brown-eyed children suggests that an effective way to generate conditions of prejudice is to

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the "red states and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, using a purple American map rather than a red versus blue one

Regarding Jane Elliot's experiment and the effects of prejudice, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding Jane Elliot's demonstration with blue-eyed and brown-eyed children, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, the "red and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with this oversimplification ignoring the fact that

Social interaction that occurs without obvious differences in power and status is referred to as

According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, a better approach than using the "red and blue states" map would include

Equal-status contact can best be described as

Several theoretical viewpoints, including the theory of cognitive dissonance, suggest that which of the following should reduce prejudice and stereotyping between groups in conflict?

Regarding the research on prejudice and ways to reduce it, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to the research of psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman, what has divided the United States into opposing camps over the last 10 years?

In the study comparing the attitudes of European-American women who lived in integrated and segregated housing projects, the European-American women in the integrated housing