Question 1

"Cramming," or _____, is less effective at boosting memory than _____.

Accepted Answer

Massed practice, or cramming, involves learning in a short period, while distributed practice spreads learning over time, which is more effective for memory retention.

Question 2

For his Eastern history class, Hamilton had to memorize alengthy list of Chinese emperors. To do so, he imagined each of them sitting in a chair in a different room of his familyhome. Hamilton was using a technique called:

Accepted Answer

The method of loci, also known as the memory palace technique, involves associating items to be memorized with specific locations in a familiar environment. In this case, Hamilton is associating each emperor with a specific chair in a different room of his home.

Question 3

The standard stage model of memory has three distinct memory components: the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, and the central executive.

Accepted Answer

The standard stage model of memory consists of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. The phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive are components of the working memory model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch.

Question 4

Declarative memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories are consolidated during non-REM sleep, specifically during slow-wave sleep (SWS). During SWS, the brain replays the memories and strengthens the neural connections associated with those memories. REM sleep is more associated with the consolidation of procedural memories. Interrupted and uninterrupted sleep may occur during either REM or non-REM sleep, so they are not relevant to the question.

Question 5

While Ellen was taking a test, she had trouble remembering a specific piece of information that she studied. According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, Ellen might be able to jog the blocked memory by:

Accepted Answer

Imagining the surroundings in which Ellen learned the information may help jog her memory because it activates contextual cues that were present when the information was originally learned.

Question 6

Kyle is determined to do well on his final exams, and decides to apply what he has learned about elaborative rehearsal to his own studying strategies. Which of the following suggestions is NOT an effective way to engage in elaborative rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

Simply repeating the material multiple times is not engaging in elaborative rehearsal. Elaborative rehearsal involves making connections and associations with the material in a meaningful way. Creating vivid images, explaining the material in one's own words, and relating it to personal experiences are all effective ways to engage in elaborative rehearsal.

Question 7

Non-REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Non-REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.
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Question 8

Procedural memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Procedural memories, which are memories of how to do something, are consolidated during REM sleep. REM sleep is characterized by high levels of brain activity and is thought to be important for consolidating memories that involve movement and coordination. Non-REM sleep is important for consolidating declarative memories, which are memories of facts and events. Interrupted or fragmented sleep can reduce the quality of memory consolidation, while uninterrupted sleep is important for optimal memory consolidation.

Question 9

REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.
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Question 10

Wynn has been studying for his chemistry exam by breaking up each chapter into manageable sections and then learningkey information one section at a time. According to thechapter's Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section,Wynn is using which technique to enhance his memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wynn has been studying for his chemistry...

Question 11

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychologysection on improving your memory:

Accepted Answer

It is important to avoid distracting stimuli that may compete for your attention while studying to improve memory retention.

Question 12

One important memory process is encoding, or the transforming of information into a form that can be retained by the memory system.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is indeed the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in the memory system.

Question 13

In the stage model of memory, the first stage is called sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

The first stage of the stage model of memory is indeed called sensory memory, which is the brief initial coding of sensory information from the environment into a form that can be processed further.

Question 14

"Can you believe it? Another cellphone, and this one looks expensive!" the cosmetics salesperson laughed as she waved the cell phone that the customer had left behind. "Well, put itin the drawer with the others," her co-worker said. "They'll probably come back for this one." Such everyday instances of absentmindedness are usually caused by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Can you believe it? Another cellphone, and...

Question 15

Connor is in a hurry to drive to his college calculus class, buthe can't find his car keys. The MOST likely explanation for Steve's inability to remember where he left his car keys is:

Accepted Answer

Absentmindedness refers to a lapse in attention that can lead to forgetfulness, such as misplacing or losing items like car keys. This is the most likely explanation for why Connor is unable to locate his keys.

Question 16

For her anatomy and physiology class, Chelsea has to learn alist of the twelve cranial nerves in correct order. Spending extra time rehearsing _____ would help her counteract the serial position effect.

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect suggests that people tend to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle. Rehearsing the middle items can help counteract this effect.

Question 17

Keisha is determined to ace her microbiology final. Which ofthe following strategies would be LEAST likely to improve her memory for the material covered in her microbiology textbook?

Accepted Answer

Going without sleep the night before the exam and studying right up until she takes the test is least likely to improve Keisha's memory for the material. Sleep is essential for memory consolidation, so depriving herself of sleep would actually work against her goal of acing the microbiology exam.

Question 18

Spacing your study sessions is to _____ as cramming the night before is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Spacing your study sessions is an example of distributed practice, while cramming the night before is an example of massed practice. The other options (A, B, and C) describe different concepts in memory and learning, but are not directly related to the question of spacing vs. cramming.

Question 19

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, which of the following helps the process of consolidating new memories?

Accepted Answer

Sleep helps the process of consolidating new memories by strengthening the neural connections involved in memory formation. Alcohol, background noise, and massed practice can all impair memory consolidation.

Question 20

The peg-word method and method of loci are:

Accepted Answer

The peg-word method and method of loci are both mnemonic devices used to help remember information. The peg-word method involves associating items to be remembered with a specific list of concrete nouns, while the method of loci involves associating information with specific locations in a familiar room or space. Both techniques are effective ways to improve memory recall.

Quiz 6: Memory

"Cramming," or _, is less effective at boosting memory than _.