Question 1

Gradual thinning and graying of the hair occurs naturally with age. Thinning is caused by , whereas graying is caused by .
A) destruction of the hair follicles; cessation of pigment production
B) cessation of pigment production; destruction of the germ centers that produce hair follicles
C) decrease in epidermal cells; changes in collagen content
D) changes in collagen content; decrease in epidermal cells

Accepted Answer

Thinning of hair occurs due to the destruction of the hair follicles, which reduces the number of hairs and their thickness. Graying happens when the melanocytes in the hair follicles cease producing pigment (melanin), leading to the loss of hair color.

Question 2

Cross-linking is a process in which certain proteins in human cells interact randomly and produce molecules that are linked in such a way that they make the body stiffer. Which theoretical perspective does cross-linking represent?
A) Programming theories theory
B) Free radical theory
C) Telomerase theory
D) Cellular theory

Accepted Answer

Cross-linking is associated with the cellular theory, which suggests that aging results from the accumulation of cellular damage, including the formation of cross-linked proteins that affect cell function and contribute to the aging process.

Question 3

A longitudinal study of Japanese adults revealed that women have more changes in their fundamental frequency and
A) shimmer.
B) motivation to speak in public.
C) voice change based on san qi levels.
D) None of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

The question asks about changes in fundamental frequency, and option A is the only choice related to fundamental frequency. The other options are unrelated or not relevant to the study mentioned.

Question 4

The major reason why older women do not engage in sexual relations is
A) the threat of injury due to osteoporosis.
B) loss of interest in their sexuality.
C) the effects of menopause.
D) the lack of a socially sanctioned partner.

Accepted Answer

The major reason older women may not engage in sexual relations is often the lack of a socially sanctioned partner, due to factors such as widowhood, social norms, or the decreased likelihood of their peers being available or interested in sexual activity.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false?
A) The ability of the heart to contract decreases with age.
B) The amount of connective tissue in the heart decreases with age.
C) Blood pressure normally rises somewhat with age.
D) Cardiac output and cardiac reserve both decrease with age.

Accepted Answer

The amount of connective tissue in the heart actually increases with age, which can lead to decreased elasticity and compliance of the heart muscle.

Question 6

The most noticeable changes in body build are
A) decreased height and fluctuations in weight.
B) increased height and fluctuations in weight.
C) decreased height and stable weight.
D) increased height and stable weight.

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the most noticeable changes in body build, and the options include both height and weight. Option A is the best choice because it includes two noticeable changes, namely decreased height and fluctuations in weight. The other options either have only one noticeable change (options C and D) or do not include the noticeable change of weight fluctuations (option B).

Question 7

Dizziness and vertigo occur at greater rates in older adults due to all of the following factors except
A) age-related structural changes in the vestibular system.
B) problems integrating sensory information coming to the brain to control posture.
C) difficulty in sending visual cues to the front of the brain for processing in the occipital cortex.
D) certain medications and illnesses that increase dizziness.

Accepted Answer

Vertigo and dizziness in older adults are caused by age-related changes in the vestibular system and difficulties in integrating sensory information. Certain medications and illnesses can also contribute to dizziness. However, there is no evidence that aging affects the ability to send visual cues to the front of the brain for processing in the occipital cortex.

Question 8

All of the following are associated with changes in sleep as we age except
A) moving from a two-phase pattern to a multiphase pattern.
B) difficulty in regulating body temperature, which may account for some sleep difficulties.
C) taking naps during the day results in better sleep at night.
D) decreased learning may result in a decreased need for sleep.

Accepted Answer

Taking naps during the day does not necessarily result in better sleep at night as it may disrupt the body's natural sleep-wake cycle. Moving from a two-phase pattern to a multiphase pattern, difficulty in regulating body temperature, and decreased learning resulting in decreased need for sleep are all associated with changes in sleep as we age.

Question 9

Which of the following is a sign of aging that is not readily apparent?
A) Age spots
B) Increased blood pressure
C) Redistribution of body fat
D) Wrinkles

Accepted Answer

Increased blood pressure may not be readily apparent and can be a sign of aging that is not easily detectable. Age spots, redistribution of body fat, and wrinkles are more visible signs of aging.

Question 10

The tips of chromosomes are called
A) telomerases.
B) telomeres.
C) free radicals.
D) collagenases.

Accepted Answer

The tips of chromosomes are called telomeres.

Question 11

Which of the following is not an additional change the coloring of light-skinned people undergoes with age?
A) The number of pigment-containing cells in the outer layer decreases.
B) The elasticity of the skin increases.
C) Age spots and moles appear more often.
D) Some of the blood vessels in the skin may become dilated and create small, irregular red lines.

Accepted Answer

The elasticity of the skin actually decreases with age, not increases. The other options all reflect common changes in skin pigmentation that occur with aging.

Question 12

Older adults have trouble responding to high heat, because
A) they do not sweat as much.
B) their bodies have a lower muscle/water ratio than young adults.
C) the use of multiple medications slows their metabolism.
D) they often lose their motivation to exercise.

Accepted Answer

Older adults have trouble responding to high heat because they do not sweat as much.

Question 13

Osteoarthritis is
A) a "wear and tear" disease.
B) passed down genetically.
C) the same as rheumatoid arthritis.
D) contagious.

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis is often referred to as a "wear and tear" disease because it occurs when the protective cartilage on the ends of bones wears down over time. It is not passed down genetically, the same as rheumatoid arthritis, or contagious.

Question 14

The most accurate conclusion concerning age-related changes in taste sensitivity is that
A) the changes are extensive for all flavors.
B) the changes begin in young adulthood and accelerate after age 70.
C) detection of sweet and salty tastes declines while detection of sour and bitter tastes increases.
D) the ability to detect certain tastes declines gradually, but this varies greatly from taste to taste and person to person.

Accepted Answer

Age-related changes in taste sensitivity do occur, but they are not extensive for all flavors. The ability to detect certain tastes such as sweet and salty may decline, while the ability to detect sour and bitter tastes may increase. However, these changes vary greatly from taste to taste and person to person, and the decline in taste sensitivity is gradual. The changes also do not begin in young adulthood but rather after age 50 or 60. Therefore, option D is the most accurate conclusion.

Question 15

Broken bones in older people present more serious problems than in younger adults, because they are more likely to be
A) splintered fractures that are more difficult to heal.
B) clean fractures that are difficult to heal.
C) broken in such a way that there are many cracks and harder to heal.
D) broken in such a way that the breaks are more difficult to detect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Broken bones in older people present more...

Question 16

The greatest concentrations of touch receptors in the human body are in the
A) head and face.
B) lips, tongue, and fingertips.
C) legs and feet.
D) chest and back.

Accepted Answer

The lips, tongue, and fingertips are considered as the greatest concentrations of touch receptors in the human body as they have a high density of nerve endings, making them more sensitive to touch, pressure, and temperature changes.

Question 17

If medications for rheumatoid arthritis do not provide relief from the symptoms, surgical interventions such as to totally replace the joint may be considered.
A) arthroplasty
B) musculoskeletal replacement
C) neuroimaging
D) osteoplasty

Accepted Answer

Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a damaged joint with an artificial one. It may be considered as an option when medications and other treatments do not provide relief from rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Musculoskeletal replacement is not a commonly used term in this context. Neuroimaging is a diagnostic tool that is not directly related to surgical interventions for rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoplasty is a type of surgery that involves reshaping or removing bone, and it may be used in some cases of rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not the best choice for this question.

Question 18

Women are especially susceptible to severe bone degeneration characterized by loss of bone mass and increased bone porosity. This condition is called
A) osteoarthritis.
B) osteoporosis.
C) bone atrophy.
D) dendritic spreading.

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is the condition characterized by severe bone degeneration and loss of bone mass, particularly in women. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe this condition.

Question 19

is the leading cause of functional blindness in the United States.
A) Macular degeneration
B) Presbyopia
C) Diabetic retinopathy
D) Glaucoma

Accepted Answer

Macular degeneration is the leading cause of functional blindness in the United States, primarily affecting the elderly population by causing a loss of central vision.

Question 20

Is a person's voice susceptible to the aging process?
A) No, one's voice does not change over time due to aging.
B) No, if one's voice changes as one ages, it is due to the person's overall poor health.
C) Yes, older voices are characterized by lower pitch, less precise pronunciation, and lower volume.
D) Yes, older voices are characterized by higher pitch and higher volume.

Accepted Answer

The aging process can cause changes in the vocal cords, resulting in a lower pitch, less precise pronunciation, and lower volume. This is a common phenomenon and is not necessarily due to poor health.

Quiz 3: Physical Changes

Gradual thinning and graying of the hair occurs naturally with age. Thinning is caused by , whereas graying is caused by .

Cross-linking is a process in which certain proteins in human cells interact randomly and produce molecules that are linked in such a way that they make the body stiffer. Which theoretical perspective does cross-linking represent?

A longitudinal study of Japanese adults revealed that women have more changes in their fundamental frequency and

The major reason why older women do not engage in sexual relations is

Which of the following statements is false?

The most noticeable changes in body build are

Dizziness and vertigo occur at greater rates in older adults due to all of the following factors except

All of the following are associated with changes in sleep as we age except

Which of the following is a sign of aging that is not readily apparent?

The tips of chromosomes are called

Which of the following is not an additional change the coloring of light-skinned people undergoes with age?

Older adults have trouble responding to high heat, because

Osteoarthritis is

The most accurate conclusion concerning age-related changes in taste sensitivity is that

Broken bones in older people present more serious problems than in younger adults, because they are more likely to be

The greatest concentrations of touch receptors in the human body are in the

If medications for rheumatoid arthritis do not provide relief from the symptoms, surgical interventions such as to totally replace the joint may be considered.

Women are especially susceptible to severe bone degeneration characterized by loss of bone mass and increased bone porosity. This condition is called

is the leading cause of functional blindness in the United States.

Is a person's voice susceptible to the aging process?