Question 1

Which of the following is not a reproductive change in women?

Accepted Answer

While significant decreases in hormonal levels (A), shrinking and thinning of the vaginal walls (C), and longer time needed to reach orgasm (D) are all common reproductive changes in women as they age, a significant decrease in sexual desire (B) is not necessarily a universal change and can be influenced by a variety of factors such as emotional or psychological factors, medication use, and relationship dynamics.

Question 2

Research indicates that using __________, to slow down the bone breakdown process, for up to five years appears relatively safe.

Accepted Answer

Bisphosphonates are a type of medication commonly used to slow down the process of bone breakdown and improve bone density. Research has indicated that taking bisphosphonates for up to five years is relatively safe. Options B, C, and D are not typically used for this purpose and may not have the same safety profile.

Question 3

__________ declines steadily starting at the age of 20 and rapidly after the age of 60.

Accepted Answer

Visual acuity, or the ability to see fine details, declines gradually starting in early adulthood and more rapidly after the age of 60 due to changes in the lens and other parts of the eye. Light and dark adaptation refer to the ability of the eye to adjust to changes in illumination, and retinopathy is a condition in which the retina is damaged, typically due to diabetes or other diseases. None of these closely match the description of declining steadily with age.

Question 4

Which of the following is not associated with age differences in the vestibular system?

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is a visual condition that occurs due to aging, and is not directly associated with the vestibular system. Vertigo, body sway, and dizziness can all be influenced by age-related changes in the vestibular system.

Question 5

Which is true about cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in all ethnic groups in the United States. A is false as the incidences increase with age, C is false as rates of cardiovascular disease are higher for women until age 65, and D is false as estrogen actually helps protect women from cardiovascular disease.

Question 6

The guidelines for treating rheumatoid arthritis, adopted by the American College of Rheumatology include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The guidelines for treating rheumatoid arthritis, adopted by the American College of Rheumatology, include taking aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and glucocorticoids. However, they do not recommend intense range-of-motion exercises as they can be damaging to already inflamed joints. Instead, they recommend gentle exercises such as walking and stretching.

Question 7

occurs when blood supply to the heart is severely restricted or cut off.

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing damage or death to the heart muscle. This is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is the best conclusion regarding the biological theories of aging?

Accepted Answer

While various biological theories of aging have been proposed, none of them can fully account for the process of normative aging. Age-related changes are likely the result of multiple biological, environmental, and social factors.

Question 9

Which biological theory of aging examines the role of diet in the aging process?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic theories of aging examine how the body's metabolic processes contribute to the aging process, including how diet impacts aging.

Question 10

Okinawans eat 40% less than the Japanese. Okinawa has 40 times as many people over the age of 100 than Japan. This provides evidence for which biological theory of aging?

Accepted Answer

The metabolic theory of aging suggests that lower calorie intake can slow down the metabolic rate, which in turn reduces the production of free radicals and other harmful compounds, potentially leading to a longer lifespan. The information about Okinawans consuming less and having a significantly higher number of centenarians supports this theory.

Question 11

All of the following are causes of wrinkles except

Accepted Answer

Wrinkles are caused by a decrease in the amount of collagen and elastin fibers in the skin, which leads to a loss of elasticity and firmness. Thinning of the epidermal layer can also contribute to wrinkles. However, an increase in the underlying layer of fat would not cause wrinkles.

Question 12

Researchers have found that this form of exercise can reduce older adults' chances of falling and can improve their balance.

Accepted Answer

Tai chi exercises have been found to be effective in reducing the risk of falls and improving balance in older adults. This is likely due to the slow and deliberate movements that challenge and strengthen the body's balance and stability systems. Mental rotation, occipital sensory, and depth perception exercises do not necessarily target these specific areas and may not have the same impact on fall prevention and balance improvement.

Question 13

Employees for residential roofing companies often complain about their knees after a long day of shingling, and dart throwers often complain about their elbows after a tournament. Based on this description, you would guess they have

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest that the individuals may be experiencing wear and tear on their joints, which is a common symptom of osteoarthritis. Neither osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, nor degenerative skeletosis are likely causes of the symptoms described.

Question 14

The Chinese herb __________ shows promise in reducing wrinkles.

Accepted Answer

Sanchi has been shown to increase production of collagen and elastin, which can reduce the appearance of wrinkles.

Question 15

It is especially easy to cause hearing loss with headphones or earbuds if you

Accepted Answer

Wearing headphones or earbuds while exercising can cause hearing loss as the background noise is already loud enough and the music volume adds to it, leading to an increased risk of hearing damage.

Question 16

If medications for rheumatoid arthritis do not provide relief from the symptoms, surgical interventions such as to totally replace the joint may be considered.

Accepted Answer

Arthroplasty is the surgical replacement of a joint, and is a common procedure for those with severe rheumatoid arthritis who do not find relief from medications. Musculoskeletal replacement and osteoplasty are not specific surgical interventions for rheumatoid arthritis, and neuroimaging is a diagnostic tool rather than a treatment option.

Question 17

One theory of aging that makes apparent commonsense postulates that organisms have only so much energy to expend in a lifetime. Therefore, the basic idea is that the rate of a creature's metabolism is

Accepted Answer

The theory mentioned suggests that the amount of energy an organism can expend over its lifetime is finite and implies that the rate of metabolism, which determines energy expenditure, is directly related to lifespan. This is why option D is correct, as it aligns with the idea that the faster an organism's metabolism, the quicker it may expend its lifetime energy reserve, potentially affecting its longevity.

Question 18

According to your textbook, careful assessment of _______ is important in understanding the nature and precise source of older adults' problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your textbook, careful assessment of...

Question 19

One consequence of aging in the cardiovascular system is

Accepted Answer

Aging in the cardiovascular system often leads to reduced cardiac output, or the volume of blood that the heart can pump per minute. This is due to a number of factors such as decreased contractility of the heart muscle, stiffening of the heart chambers, and reduced sensitivity to the hormones that regulate heart rate and force contraction. Overall, this can lead to decreased exercise capacity, fatigue, and increased risk of heart failure.

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the causes, in part, of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Excesses of vitamin D actually contribute to increased bone density and can help prevent osteoporosis. The other choices are all known factors that can lead to osteoporosis.

Quiz 3: Physical Changes