Question 1

When encouraged to eat their fill of M&M's, people ate more when given a large rather than a small serving spoon. This most clearly reflects

Accepted Answer

This scenario reflects the concept of unit bias, which is the tendency for individuals to consume more when they are presented with larger portion sizes. In this case, the larger serving spoon made the portion size appear larger, causing people to eat more M&Ms. The phenomenon described in the scenario is known as the "unit bias," which suggests that people tend to eat more when given larger serving sizes. In this case, the size of the serving spoon influenced how much people ate, indicating that they were guided by the unit bias.

Question 2

Unstructured interviews provide a ________ predictor of on-the-job performance than aptitude tests and a ________ predictor of on-the-job performance than job knowledge tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unstructured interviews provide a ________ predictor of...

Question 3

Which theory of motivation most clearly emphasizes the importance of genetically predisposed behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Instinct theory proposes that some behaviors are innate and genetically determined, as they were essential for the survival of our ancestors. It suggests that these instinctual behaviors are automatic and do not require learning or experience. This theory emphasizes the importance of genetically predisposed behaviors. Instinct theory is based on the idea that certain behaviors are innate and genetically programmed. This theory assumes that behaviors such as aggression, nesting, and mating are not learned, but are inherited and biologically determined.

Question 4

When researchers monitored the professional accomplishments of more than 1500 highly intelligent individuals, they found that the most successful were more ambitious, energetic, and persistent. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that the most successful individuals were more ambitious, energetic, and persistent, which are key components of achievement motivation. Choice A (social leadership) and Choice B (360-degree feedback) are not mentioned or relevant to the given information. Choice D (leniency errors) is not related to the topic at all. The researchers found that the most successful individuals were more ambitious, energetic, and persistent, indicating a strong drive for achievement motivation. Therefore, choice C, achievement motivation, is the best answer. Choices A, B, and D are not relevant to the information given in the statement.

Question 5

When people's need to belong is fulfilled through close relationships, they are less likely to

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that fulfilling the need to belong through close relationships has positive effects on individuals' mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Therefore, they are less likely to commit suicide, contract physical illness, and suffer psychological disorders. As a result, none of the given options are likely to occur. The statement indicates that when people's need to belong is fulfilled through close relationships, they are less likely to commit suicide, contract physical illness, and suffer psychological disorders. Therefore, the correct answer is D, which states that they are less likely to do any of these things.

Question 6

Women are more likely than men to exhibit the qualities associated with

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women are more likely to exhibit transformational leadership qualities, such as the ability to inspire and motivate their teams, show empathy and emotional intelligence, and focus on developing individual team members. Men are more likely to exhibit a directive management style, which is characterized by giving orders and expecting them to be followed without question. There is no clear evidence that women or men are more likely to exhibit unit bias or recency errors. Research suggests that women are more likely to exhibit transformational leadership qualities, which include inspiring and motivating followers, building relationships, and exhibiting charisma, than men. However, there is no evidence to suggest that women are more likely than men to exhibit unit bias, recency errors, or a directive management style.

Question 7

When meeting job applicants, employers often discount the influence of varying situations on applicants' behaviors and presume that what they observe applicants do and say reflects the applicants' enduring personality traits. This most clearly contributes to

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question is an example of the interviewer illusion, which refers to the tendency of interviewers to overestimate the predictive power of their subjective impressions of candidates and to attribute their behavior in the interview to stable personality characteristics, rather than situational factors such as nervousness or anxiety. This can lead to biases in hiring decisions. This question is referring to the interviewer illusion, which is the tendency for interviewers to overestimate the consistency between a job applicant's behavior during the interview and their overall personality and behavior. This can lead interviewers to make inaccurate or biased assessments of an applicant's suitability for the job.

Question 8

When people's images on a video monitor are widened to make them look fatter, observers perceive them as

Accepted Answer

When people's images on a video monitor are widened to make them look fatter, observers perceive them as less sincere and less friendly. This phenomenon is known as the "negative perception of overweight individuals" and has been shown in various studies. The widening of the image is perceived as a distortion, and observers may infer that the person is intentionally misleading or hiding something, leading to a perception of insincerity. Additionally, the wider face may be perceived as more threatening or dominant, leading to a perception of lower friendliness.

Question 9

Victims of a famine will often eat unappetizing and nutritionally poor foods simply to relieve their constant hunger. Their behavior is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

The behavior of famine victims can be best explained by drive-reduction theory, as the constant hunger creates a physiological need (drive) for food, which motivates them to consume even unappetizing and nutritionally poor foods in order to reduce that drive. The behavior of famine victims can be best explained by drive-reduction theory, which suggests that physiological needs create an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates behavior to satisfy the need and reduce the tension. In this case, the constant hunger experienced by famine victims creates a strong drive to consume food, even if the available options are unappetizing and nutritionally poor.

Question 10

Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that people are motivated to seek out a certain level of excitement or arousal, and watching horror movies may provide that level of stimulation for some individuals. This theory would be the most helpful in explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies. Arousal theory suggests that people are motivated to engage in activities that provide a level of stimulation that is neither too high nor too low. Horror movies may provide a level of physiological arousal that some individuals find pleasurable or exciting.

Question 11

Which theory has been accused of simply naming rather than explaining behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Instinct theory has been accused of simply naming rather than explaining behaviors, as it suggests that behavior is driven purely by innate and unlearned instincts. However, this theory fails to explain how instincts are developed or how they interact with environmental factors. Instinct theory has been criticized for simply naming behaviors without explaining their underlying causes.

Question 12

Unlike in men, a high sex drive in women is likely to be associated with an increased same-sex attraction as well as an increased opposite-sex attraction. This best illustrates women's greater

Accepted Answer

Erotic plasticity refers to the degree to which individuals' sex drives can be shaped and influenced by social, cultural, and situational factors. Research suggests that women tend to have greater erotic plasticity than men, and therefore may experience changes and fluctuations in their sexual desires and attractions more frequently than men. This may explain why women with high sex drives are more likely to experience attraction to both men and women, as their desires are more influenced by factors beyond their biology. This phenomenon, known as erotic plasticity, is a trait specific to women and involves a greater flexibility in their sexual desires and attractions. This can result in a greater likelihood of experiencing attraction to both men and women or even changing their attraction patterns over time. The other answer choices are not relevant to the phenomenon described in the question.

Question 13

When an organism's weight rises above its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an organism's weight rises above its...

Question 14

Which of the following suggestions would be the WORST advice for a dieter?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding eating during the day and saving calories for one big meal in the evening can lead to overeating and a slower metabolism, ultimately hindering weight loss progress. It is important to consume regular, balanced meals throughout the day to maintain a healthy metabolism and avoid excessive hunger. Avoiding eating during the day and saving all of your calories for a big meal in the evening can lead to overeating and consuming more calories than intended. This can sabotage weight loss efforts. It's better to space out meals and eat smaller portions throughout the day to maintain a steady metabolism and avoid extreme hunger.

Question 15

Which profession is most directly involved in the application of psychology's principles to the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Industrial-organizational psychology, or I-O psychology, is the field of psychology that applies psychological principles to the workplace. It involves the study of factors such as employee selection, job analysis, training development, performance appraisal, and organizational development, among others. Industrial-organizational psychology is the specialization within psychology that is directly involved in applying psychological principles to the workplace, in areas such as employee selection, training and development, job analysis, and improving work environments. Social psychology, personality psychology, and developmental psychology all have some relevance to understanding individuals in the workplace, but do not have the same direct application to workplace practices as industrial-organizational psychology.

Question 16

With repeated exposure to any erotic stimulus, our emotional response often lessens. This illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

Habituation refers to a decrease in responsiveness to a repeated stimulus. In this case, repeated exposure to an erotic stimulus leads to a lessening of emotional response, which is an example of habituation. Social facilitation refers to improved performance in the presence of others, erotic plasticity refers to the capacity for variation in sexual arousal and behavior, and narcissism refers to excessive self-love and self-centeredness, none of which are applicable in this context. Habituation refers to the process of becoming desensitized or less responsive to a particular stimulus over time with repeated exposure. In the case of erotic stimuli, this can result in a decreased emotional response or reduced sexual arousal.

Question 17

With respect to sex research and human values, the text suggests that

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that sex research and education should be accompanied by open consideration of human values. It is important to acknowledge that people's personal values and beliefs may influence their attitudes and judgments regarding sexual behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to create a space for open discussion and consideration of various perspectives when engaging in sex research and education. This will ensure that researchers and educators are able to make informed decisions and provide accurate information that aligns with a variety of human values.

Question 18

When at peak fertility in their menstrual cycle, women express ________ preference for masculine faces and ________ apprehensiveness of men perceived as potentially sexually coercive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When at peak fertility in their menstrual...

Question 19

When asked to describe personal episodes that made them feel particularly bad about themselves, about four times in five, people describe

Accepted Answer

A relationship difficulty is the most commonly described personal episode that makes people feel bad about themselves, according to the given information. A sexual disorder and physical illness are more medical in nature and less likely to be a personal episode linked to self-image. While an academic failure may cause some feelings of inadequacy, it is not as commonly cited as a relationship difficulty. According to the given options, the most commonly reported personal episode that made people feel bad about themselves is a relationship difficulty. This is supported by research on the impact of relationship issues on mental health and self-esteem. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 20

Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electric shocks?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory would be most likely to...

Quiz 11: Intelligence