Question 1

Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

Accepted Answer

Type A personalities are often characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and easily getting angry or frustrated. Andre, a competitive journalist who is easily angered, is the best example of a Type A personality from the given options. Type A personalities are often characterized by a competitive and easily angered nature, which fits the description of Andre, the journalist.

Question 2

The instantaneous and automatic fear response we experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for our fear response, including the immediate and automatic fear response to potentially dangerous stimuli, such as stumbling upon a snake. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are involved in regulating bodily functions and hormone production, but are not directly involved in fear response. The hippocampus is important for memory formation and retrieval, but is not directly involved in fear response. The amygdala is responsible for the processing and regulation of emotions, including fear. When we encounter a snake, the amygdala triggers a quick and automatic fear response, without needing to consciously process the information. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are involved in the stress response, which is activated after the initial fear response. The hippocampus is involved in memory processing but is not specifically responsible for fear responses.

Question 3

A celebrity actress experiences ever-increasing levels of professional acclaim following each successful movie role. Yet with each success, she experiences no more than a temporary surge of subjective well-being. This is best explained in terms of the

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the scenario is the adaptation-level phenomenon, which states that individuals adapt to new circumstances and eventually return to a baseline level of happiness or well-being. The actress experiences temporary surges of well-being with each success, but quickly adapts to her new level of acclaim and returns to her baseline level of subjective well-being. The actress's temporary surge of subjective well-being can be best explained by the adaptation-level phenomenon, which refers to our tendency to judge our experiences and adjust our expectations based on our prior experiences. As the actress achieves more professional success, her expectations likely increase along with it, leading to a diminishing return on her level of happiness following each new success.

Question 4

B lymphocytes are formed in the

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes are formed in the bone marrow. B lymphocytes, also known as B cells, are formed in the bone marrow.

Question 5

Evidence that emotion precedes physiological arousal would be most inconsistent with the ________. Evidence that emotion precedes mentally labeling our physiological arousal would be most inconsistent with the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence that emotion precedes physiological arousal would...

Question 6

A lie detector test is used to monitor a person's

Accepted Answer

The answer of A lie detector test is used to...

Question 7

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food. This best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback effect refers to the idea that facial expressions can influence emotions. If someone wrinkles their nose in disgust at a strange-looking food, this can lead to an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food, demonstrating the impact of facial expressions on emotions. The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously, rather than one causing the other. The relative deprivation principle suggests that people feel deprived or discontented when they compare themselves to others who have more or better things. The feel-good, do-good phenomenon suggests that people are more likely to help others when they are in a good mood. None of these theories are directly applicable to the scenario described in the question. The facial feedback effect suggests that facial expressions can intensify emotions associated with those expressions. In this case, wrinkling the nose in disgust would intensify the emotional aversion to the strange-looking food.

Question 8

One person, alone in a house, dismisses its creaking sounds and experiences no stress; someone else suspects an intruder and becomes alarmed. These different reactions illustrate the importance of

Accepted Answer

The different reactions to the creaking sounds illustrate the importance of stress appraisal, which refers to the subjective evaluation of a situation as either threatening or benign. The first person appraises the situation as benign, leading to no stress response, while the second person appraises the situation as threatening, leading to an alarm response. The different reactions to the creaking sounds in the house illustrate the importance of stress appraisal, which is the process of evaluating and interpreting a situation as threatening or irrelevant. In this scenario, the first person appraises the creaking sounds as irrelevant, while the second person appraises them as a potential threat. This appraisal influences their emotional and physiological response to the situation.

Question 9

The second phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by

Accepted Answer

The second phase of the general adaptation syndrome is resistance, which is characterized by the body's attempt to adapt to the stressor and maintain physiological balance. This phase can last for an extended period of time as the body continues to cope with the stressor. The second phase of the general adaptation syndrome is resistance, which is characterized by the body's attempt to adapt and cope with the stressor. This involves the activation of the body's physiological systems to maintain a state of readiness to face the stressor. The other options, such as exhaustion and low blood pressure, occur in later stages of the syndrome.

Question 10

The arousal that lingers after an intense argument may intensify sexual passion. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect refers to the tendency of one person's emotions to affect the emotions of others. In this case, the intense arousal from the argument spills over into sexual passion. The spillover effect refers to the tendency of intense feelings, such as anger or excitement, to carry over and intensify our arousal in other areas, such as sexual passion. Therefore, the lingering arousal from an argument could lead to increased sexual desire.

Question 11

Some emotional responses to visual stimuli appear to involve no deliberate thinking. These emotional responses are said to follow a "low-road" pathway that bypasses the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some emotional responses to visual stimuli appear...

Question 12

We find it especially difficult to detect from other people's facial expressions whether they are

Accepted Answer

While facial expressions can give some clues about emotions such as fear, anger, and disgust, research has shown that people are not very good at detecting lies from facial expressions alone. Other factors such as body language and tone of voice are often necessary to accurately detect deception. While all of these emotions can be difficult to detect from facial expressions alone, research shows that lying is particularly difficult to detect. This is because people are often able to intentionally control their facial expressions to hide deception.

Question 13

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system typically results in a decrease in salivation (as blood flow is redirected away from the digestive system) and an increase in blood pressure (as the body prepares for the fight-or-flight response). Activation of the sympathetic nervous system typically leads to a decrease in salivation (due to decreased activity of the salivary glands) and an increase in blood pressure (due to vasoconstriction). Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 14

If you mimic another person's facial expressions of emotion, you probably will feel increasing empathy for that person. This is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions arise from physiological arousal, and that we experience emotions after we become aware of our bodily responses to emotional stimuli. Mimicking another person's facial expressions can trigger similar physiological responses in our own bodies, leading to increased empathy for that person. The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that we experience physiological changes (such as changes in heart rate or sweating) in response to a stimuli, and it is these changes that cause us to feel emotions. Mimicking another person's facial expressions of emotion would likely lead to similar physiological changes in our own bodies, which would in turn cause us to experience similar emotions and increasing empathy for that person.

Question 15

When Mr. Morgan misinterpreted his harmless symptoms of autonomic nervous system arousal as indicative of an impending heart attack, he suffered an unusually intense level of fear. His emotional suffering is best understood in terms of the

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Mr. Morgan misinterpreted his harmless symptoms...

Question 16

The most universally understood way of expressing emotion is through

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions are often universally understood and can convey a wide range of emotions, such as happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and surprise. While hand gestures and body postures can also convey emotions, they are often more culturally specific and may not be universally understood. Tone of voice is also important in conveying emotion, but it may be influenced by language and accent differences. Facial expressions are considered the most universally understood way of expressing emotions because they are largely innate and cross-cultural. While hand gestures and body postures can vary in meaning across different cultures and contexts, facial expressions tend to have consistent meanings across different groups of people. Tone of voice can also convey emotion, but it is often influenced by language and cultural factors.

Question 17

Feigned smiles are initiated ________ abruptly and last for a ________ time than genuine smiles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Feigned smiles are initiated ________ abruptly and...

Question 18

People tend to use emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping when they

Accepted Answer

When people believe they cannot change a stressful situation, they are more likely to use emotion-focused coping to manage their stress. This type of coping involves regulating emotional responses to the stressor, rather than changing or addressing the stressor itself. Emotion-focused coping involves managing the emotions associated with a stressor rather than trying to change the stressor itself. When people believe they cannot change a stressful situation, they are more likely to use emotion-focused coping strategies such as denial or avoidance.

Question 19

Luciano believes that the best way to get over the anger he feels toward his high school teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Luciano's belief that releasing his anger through physical activity and aggressive language (catharsis) is the best way to manage his feelings supports the catharsis hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that releasing pent-up emotions through certain behaviors (such as hitting a punching bag) can reduce emotional intensity and bring a sense of relief. Luciano's belief that unleashing his anger on a punching bag will help him get over it is best explained by the catharsis hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that expressing or releasing aggressive emotions through cathartic actions, such as hitting a punching bag, can help to reduce those emotions and promote emotional well-being.

Question 20

Aerobic exercise ________ the body's production of serotonin and ________ its production of the endorphins.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise increases the body's production of serotonin and endorphins. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Endorphins are the body's natural pain killers and mood elevators. Increased levels of both can lead to feelings of happiness and well-being during and after exercise.

Quiz 20: Insight, Language, and Memory: Exploring Cognitive Processe