Question 1

According to Sigmund Freud, motivation arises from id-based instinctual drives (i.e., Eros and Thanatos). According to the NeoFreudians (Hartmann, White, and Anna Freud), motivation can further arise from the ego. Identify and briefly discuss the nature of this ego-based motivation.

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Question 2

Explain the role of the adaptive unconscious in the motivation and regulation of behavior.

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Question 3

The book offers two criticisms of a psychoanalytic approach to the study of motivation. Name and briefly discuss these two criticisms.

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Question 4

Summarize Freud's dual-instinct theory of motivation-his hydraulic theory of motivation in which energies emanate from instinctual drives.

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Question 5

Object relations theory focuses on how childhood mental representations of one's caretakers are captured within the child's personality and persist into adulthood. Describe the nature of the mental representations that persist into adulthood.

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Question 6

Contrast the key features of the adaptive conscious vs.the conscious mind.

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Question 7

Explain the role of implicit motivation in the motivation and regulation of behavior.

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Question 8

Name (list) the four postulates that define contemporary psychodynamic theory.

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Question 9

In psychoanalysis, the id obeys the pleasure principle, while the ego obeys the reality principle. Describe both the pleasure principle and the reality principle.

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Question 10

Explain the conditions under which thought suppression produces a rebound effect for the unwanted thought.What can a person do to prevent this rebound effect from becoming an obsession? If so, how?

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Question 11

In terms of adults' interpersonal relationships, people with secure mental models of self, others, and relationships experience more positive outcomes than do people with insecure and dysfunctional mental models. Explain why this is so.

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Question 12

Defense mechanisms such as sublimation are psychologically healthier than defense mechanisms such as fantasy.Explain why the former are categorized to be more psychologically healthy than are the latter.

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Question 13

Outline "terror management theory".In doing so, explain how this theory explains low
anxiety.

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Question 14

Why did the NeoFreudians feel the need to expand Freud's view of motivation?
What did they emphasize that Freud did not?

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Question 15

What evidence can you bring to bear in answering the question,
"Do the id and ego personality structures actually physically exist?"

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Question 16

Describe how the adaptive unconscious and the conscious mind (System 1 and System 2)
work together to produce skilled coping and adapting.

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Question 17

What is ego effectance? Explain how effectance motivation enables the ego to initiate and direct behavior in a way that is independent of id energies.

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Question 18

Outline the typical psychoanalytic experimental procedure to study thought suppression.

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Question 19

Briefly describe the ego's means of curbing the id's instinctual drives in each of the following stages of ego development: symbiotic, impulsive, self-protective, conformist, and conscientious.

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Quiz 16: Unconscious Motivation