Question 1

Honoria works in a college counselling center. She believes that the clients' problems are the result of dysfunctional thinking, conflict, and stress responses. During therapy, she emphasizes the importance of taking responsibility for separating from parents, improving oneself, and expressing both positive and negative emotions honestly. Nimol, an international student from Cambodia who feels pressured by her parents to major in an area that does not interest her, is appalled by Honoria's suggestion that she tell her parents she doesn't want to major in that area. After the session, Honoria meets with her supervisor, who explains that Nimol may have responded as she did as a result of her cultural background. Since Honoria's supervisor is able to use her knowledge of clients' cultures to better understand them, she is a

Accepted Answer

Honoria's supervisor demonstrates cultural competence by understanding how Nimol's cultural background influences her reaction to the suggestion of confronting her parents. This understanding goes beyond the specific therapeutic approach to encompass a broader awareness of how culture impacts clients' perspectives and behaviors.

Question 2

Your friend is looking for ways to reduce their anxiety. They have tried lots of different kinds of medications and conventional therapies with limited success. You suggest they try a technique that focuses on developing mindfulness. If your friend is also trying to quit smoking cigarettes, what additional benefit might mindfulness have for them which could also be applicable to that goal (based on prior work discussed in your textbook)?

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness can help individuals become more aware of their thoughts and feelings without becoming overwhelmed by them. In the context of quitting smoking, mindfulness can help minimize feelings of guilt associated with relapses. This is because mindfulness encourages a non-judgmental awareness of the present moment, which can help individuals understand and accept their experiences without harsh self-criticism. This acceptance can reduce the negative emotions that often lead to further relapses, making it easier for individuals to continue their efforts to quit smoking.

Question 3

Karen tells other people that she gets lots out of the many sessions she's had with her therapist. However, her friends can't help but notice the fact that the problems which motivated her to seek help in the first place never seem to get any better. When they ask her for some examples of how what she learns in her sessions gets applied to her everyday life, she can't think of any. What factor could be reducing the chances that her therapy will have a successful outcome?

Accepted Answer

Karen's inability to apply what she learns in therapy to her everyday life suggests a lack of self-relatedness, meaning she may struggle to connect therapeutic insights to her personal experiences and behaviors.

Question 4

Your friend is looking for ways to reduce their anxiety. They have tried lots of different kinds of medications and conventional therapies with limited success. You suggest they try a technique that focuses on developing mindfulness. In theory, what is one explanation for why practicing mindfulness can reduce anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness practices can help reduce anxiety by reducing the physiological response to stress, such as lowering heart rate and blood pressure, and promoting relaxation.

Question 5

Prime Minister Trudeau implemented changes to the Canadian Child Tax Benefit. The new plan provides greater support to those who need help the most: single-parent families and low-income families. This is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prime Minister Trudeau implemented changes to the...

Question 6

Although many therapists practice brief forms of psychodynamic therapy, recent research has found that this type of therapy

Accepted Answer

Recent research indicates that while brief forms of psychodynamic therapy can be effective, they may not be as effective for certain disorders as long-term psychoanalytic therapy. This suggests that the duration and depth of therapy can impact its effectiveness depending on the specific mental health issues being addressed.

Question 7

Alicia has been having issues with sexual harassment at work the situation led her to seek psychological treatment. Her friend Kim tells her that she must find a female therapist because a male would not be able to help her. Kim is

Accepted Answer

EC) Gender sensitivity, rather than the therapist's gender, is crucial in addressing issues like sexual harassment effectively. A therapist's ability to understand and be sensitive to gender-related issues is more important than their gender.E) The statement that the gender of the therapist has been shown to be important to the outcome of therapy but only for male patients is incorrect, suggesting that the therapist's gender does not universally determine the effectiveness of therapy for all patients. This choice is included as incorrect because it challenges the assumption that a therapist's gender is a critical factor for successful therapy across all patient genders.

Question 8

Spontaneous remission refers to the fact that symptoms of psychological problems sometimes improve without any treatment. Your textbook discusses a method that was used to attempt to compare the rate of spontaneous remission to the rate of successful treatment reported by psychotherapists. What was found?

Accepted Answer

The rate of spontaneous remission was found to be as high as the success rates reported by therapists, indicating that in some cases, symptoms of psychological problems can improve without any treatment to a similar extent as those receiving therapy.

Question 9

In an attempt to provide a more normal life for patients who are capable of living independently or with family, Dr. Nantan advocated ___________; however, over the years he has seen that most communities are unprepared to care for these people, leaving them homeless and destitute and often in need of repeated hospitalizations, a phenomenon referred to as ______________.

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization refers to the policy of moving severely mentally ill people out of large state institutions and then closing part or all of those institutions; it was intended to improve the quality of life for people with chronic mental illness. The "revolving door phenomenon" describes a situation where individuals are repeatedly hospitalized, released, and then rehospitalized, often due to a lack of community support and resources, which is a common consequence of deinstitutionalization.

Question 10

Damita and Anselmo's children have more power in the household than they do. They finally decide they've had enough and sign up for a parenting seminar. There they learn about a series of techniques that rely on operant conditioning to reduce children's undesirable behaviours and increase those that are desirable. In particular, they are encouraged to reinforce all desired behaviours systematically by allowing their children to earn plastic chips that can later be redeemed for predetermined rewards. This system is referred to as

Accepted Answer

This system is referred to as a token economy, which is a form of behavior modification designed to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the use of tokens. Individuals receive tokens immediately after displaying desirable behavior. These tokens can later be exchanged for various rewards.

Question 11

Your friend is looking for ways to reduce their anxiety. They have tried lots of different kinds of medications and conventional therapies with limited success. You suggest they try a technique that focuses on developing mindfulness. If they choose to pursue acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), what can they expect?

Accepted Answer

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) emphasizes accepting all thoughts, both positive and negative, in a non-judgmental way. It focuses on mindfulness and acceptance strategies, along with commitment and behavior change strategies, to increase psychological flexibility.

Question 12

Takeshi is seeing Dr. Shakar to help her deal with her social phobia. Though she is more comfortable around large groups of people than she used to be, interacting one on one with other people still feels intimidating to her. She and Dr. Shakar role-play interactions, and when Takeshi is unsure what to do, Dr. Shakar models a socially skillful behaviour. If Takeshi likes it, she practices it with Dr. Shakar until it feels comfortable. She is engaging in

Accepted Answer

Takeshi is engaging in social skills training, a therapeutic approach where individuals learn and practice new skills in a safe environment, often through role-playing and modeling, to improve their social interactions and manage social anxiety or phobia.

Question 13

In the movie From Hell, Sir William Gull invites a group of esteemed gentlemen to observe a new surgical procedure that destroys the frontal lobes of the brain and permanently calms agitated and violent patients. While they watch a physician tap a young woman's temples and forehead with a hammer, Gull exhorts the benefits of this procedure, which is called

Accepted Answer

A lobotomy is a surgical procedure that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal lobe. It was historically used to treat mental illness and aggressive behavior, which matches the description given in the question.

Question 14

Gerry has reluctantly started therapy to try to find help for his post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), on the advice of a close friend. However, he doesn't have any confidence it will be effective and tends to avoid talking about the things that he finds truly upsetting during his sessions to avoid the pain that could cause. What factor could be reducing the chances that his therapy will have a successful outcome?

Accepted Answer

Gerry's lack of openness can significantly reduce the chances of a successful therapeutic outcome because it prevents the therapist from fully understanding his issues and addressing the root causes of his PTSD.

Question 15

According to Beck's Cognitive Therapy, a key first step is to help clients realize that

Accepted Answer

Beck's Cognitive Therapy emphasizes the role of negative thoughts and beliefs in the development of psychological problems. A key first step in this therapy is to help clients understand that it's their thoughts, not the situations themselves, that are causing their problems. This realization is crucial for the cognitive restructuring process that follows.

Question 16

Dr. Henry Clerval is a proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), though he believes it should be used in only the most extreme circumstances. Historically, ECT was applied to a wide range of disorders, but today it is used only

Accepted Answer

ECT is primarily used today in treating severe depression, especially in cases where there is a significant risk of suicide, due to its rapid and often effective results in severe cases where other treatments have failed.

Question 17

When Dr. Averil must prescribe an antidepressant, she tries to avoid using monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors because

Accepted Answer

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors can have severe side effects and interact with common foods (such as cheese and wine) to dangerously elevate blood pressure, making them less preferable for prescribing.

Question 18

Imagine that you are looking for a way increase the frequency of certain behaviours that you want to encourage in a child, while reducing the incidence of behaviours you want to discourage. What method would be appropriate for that purpose?

Accepted Answer

Behaviour modification is the correct method for increasing the frequency of desired behaviors and decreasing the frequency of undesired behaviors in a child. It involves the application of operant conditioning techniques, such as reinforcement and punishment, to bring about changes in behavior.

Question 19

Though several classes of antidepressant drugs are available to prescribing physicians, the SSRIs are used

Accepted Answer

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are commonly prescribed for depression because they generally have fewer side effects compared to other classes of antidepressants, making them a preferred choice for many physicians and patients.

Question 20

Drs. Alice, Hatter, Hart, Gryphon, and King are arguing about which therapeutic approach is most effective with clients. They all use different approaches, including psychodynamic, humanistic, rational-emotive, behavioural, and Gestalt therapies. Overhearing them, Dr. March says that research shows that widely differing therapies all have similar efficacy. Some would say Dr. March has given the group the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drs. Alice, Hatter, Hart, Gryphon, and King...

Quiz 17: Treatment of Psychological Disorders