Question 1

Identify two ways in which parents may contribute to the development of obesity in their children.

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Question 2

Compare and contrast marasmus and kwashiorkor in terms of their causes and their outward physical symptoms.

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Question 3

What is the role of glial cells in the brain?

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Question 4

Explain what is meant by cerebral lateralization, and outline the basic developmental trends in lateralization.

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Question 5

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the text relate to the issue of physical development.

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Question 6

Contrast nonorganic failure to thrive and deprivation dwarfism in terms of their causes and their outward physical symptoms.

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Question 7

Identify the conclusion as well as two findings from the research of Dr.Segalowitz et al.(2018) on the impact of trauma in childhood and self-regulation and error monitoring.

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Question 8

Explain what is meant by the cephalocaudal trend in physical development, and provide an example that illustrates this trend.

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Question 9

Outline the physical changes that occur at puberty for males and females, and note the typical timing of these changes.

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Question 10

It was once believed that maturation is the sole determinant of motor development, and that experience/practice are unimportant.More recent evidence, however, supports the position that maturation is not sufficient for motor development; practice and motivation are also important.What evidence supports this view?

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Question 11

Outline the typical developmental sequence of voluntary reaching, and identify the cues that are used to guide early reaching.

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Question 12

Discuss the probable impact of "early" physical maturation during adolescence for boys and for girls.

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Question 13

Heather was an "early bloomer." She was comparatively young when she began her adolescent growth spurt and began showing unmistakable signs of beginning sexual maturation.Thus, in Grade 4, she was taller than most of her classmates (boys and girls alike), her figure was becoming quite womanly, and she had reached menarche.But she regarded her early changes as some kind of special ordeal nature had inflicted on her.Overall, Heather worried a lot about being on the road to becoming very, very big, and very, very tall.But at least she had company, because her mother told her that she too had matured very early and had some problems for a while.(a) At what ages would you deduce that Heather's growth spurt and sexual maturation began? (b) Might genetics be a factor operating in the timing of Heather's maturation? (c) Why would Heather be less than thrilled about early maturation? How might she feel later, say, in junior high school and high school?

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Question 14

As assessed by the Brazelton scale, Sandra displayed normal reflexes at birth but was extremely irritable and cried at the slightest sound.Her parents' attempts to soothe her typically had little effect, except to make her cry louder, which her parents found very frustrating.Even holding and cuddling Sandra helped very little.And when she was not crying, Sandra often seemed only apathetic to their attempts to interact with her.(a) From the text discussion, in what ways might Brazelton training help? (b) If Sandra's parents do not receive special training or otherwise figure out ways to interact with her more effectively, might Sandra be at risk for "failure to thrive" syndrome? Why or why not? (c) Similarly, given no significant improvement in parent-child interactions, would Sandra be at risk for deprivation dwarfism? Why or why not?

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Question 15

During most of his childhood, George was a bit on the pudgy side, but with the onset of puberty he became obese.Dieting did not seem to help, although George freely admitted that he was not very interested in dieting because eating was one of the things he truly enjoyed.And he did not enjoy sports or other forms of exercise that left him out of breath.Nor did he truly enjoy telling "fat" jokes about himself and making people laugh, although his classmates seemed to like him for that.(a) From the text discussion of obesity, what factors might be involved in George's weight problem? (b) What self-fulfilling prophecies might be operating in George's case? What advice could we give him and his parents on helping him lose weight?

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Quiz 6: Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development