Question 1

A study in which people of different ages are all measured at the same time in order to assess developmental differences is called a

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study involves measuring participants of different ages at the same time to compare developmental differences. Longitudinal studies follow the same participants over time, while sequential studies involve a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. Convergent studies are not related to developmental differences.

Question 2

The use of stem cells was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2009 for the treatment of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of stem cells was approved...

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the problems associated with using photographs to measure children's understanding of emotions?

Accepted Answer

The other options listed are all problems associated with using photographs to measure children's understanding of emotions, such as the lack of movement and sound, and the unfamiliarity of the people in the photograph. However, option D is not a problem but rather an advantage, as photographs provide more visual detail than a live face, which could aid in children's understanding of emotions.

Question 4

Dr. McCutcheon has completed a research study in the area of human development. The results were consistent with her initial hypotheses, and the research was conducted in an appropriate and professional manner. What would her next step be, according to your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The best next step for Dr. McCutcheon would be to submit the research to a scientific journal for publication. This would allow for peer review and validation of her findings, as well as contribute to the field of human development. Keeping the results confidential or writing a textbook may be premature without further validation of the findings, while sharing the results with colleagues is important, publication would allow for a wider dissemination of the research.

Question 5

Your authors give a demonstration of the proper way to cite research that has been previously conducted and published by two professionals, Smith and Jones. The research was conducted in 2012. Which of the following is the correct format for such a citation?

Accepted Answer

The correct format for citing research conducted by two authors in APA style is to use the ampersand (&) between the authors' last names followed by a comma and the year of publication, all within parentheses. Therefore, "(Smith & Jones, 2012)" is the correct format.

Question 6

Smita studies six different cohorts over a 30-year period, testing each subject every five years. Smita is using a ____ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Smita studies six different cohorts over a...

Question 7

Which of the following has to occur in order to ensure that ethical requirements are satisfied within research studies?

Accepted Answer

The best way to ensure ethical requirements are satisfied within research studies is through a review by a panel of experts and community representatives before it is conducted. This process, also known as ethics review, ensures that the study abides by ethical principles and standards, including but not limited to obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, minimizing harm, and avoiding deception. While the other options may be part of the research process, they do not provide sufficient assurance that the study meets ethical requirements.

Question 8

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the behavior that is being

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is what is being observed or measured in an experiment, while the independent variable (which is not listed as an option in this question) is what is being manipulated or controlled to see its effect on the dependent variable.

Question 9

________ cells are unspecialized human or animal cells that can produce mature specialized body cells and at the same time replicate themselves.

Accepted Answer

Only stem cells have the ability to produce mature specialized body cells and replicate themselves. Embryonic and pancreatic cells may have some differentiation potential, but they are not capable of replicating themselves. Histominergic cells do not exist.

Question 10

Dr. Swartzman wants to know if children who are raised in lower socioeconomic environments have more difficulty succeeding in school as they grow up. He enlists a group of 4-year-old children and their parents, and he observes these kids in school twice a year until they turn 18. Dr. Swartzman's study would be best described as

Accepted Answer

This study is following the same group of individuals over time, observing changes as they age. This is the definition of a longitudinal study. Cross-sectional studies observe different groups at one point in time, sequential studies observe different groups over time but not the same individuals, and correlational studies look at the relationship between two or more variables.

Question 11

Research into the eyesight of older individuals that was conducted by human developmental researchers has led some states to change the way older drivers are screened when they renew their driver's licenses. This reflects

Accepted Answer

The statement describes how research findings affected a change in state policy, demonstrating the impact of research on social policy.

Question 12

As a result of reading several research articles on the long-term effects of daycare, a state legislature passes a new law mandating that all daycare providers modify their practices to be in concordance with this research. This action reflects

Accepted Answer

The action taken by the state legislature reflects how research can affect social policy. The lawmakers used the findings of the research articles to create new laws to modify daycare practices. This demonstrates the significance of research in shaping policies that affect society. The other options are not applicable to the situation described in the scenario.

Question 13

Your authors give several examples of how research in human development has shaped social policies in the United States of America. Which of the following is not one of those examples?

Accepted Answer

The disappearance of a need for many commonly administered vaccinations for newborns is not an example of how research in human development has shaped social policies in the United States of America as it pertains more to healthcare policy rather than social policy. The other examples – eliminating mandatory retirement age, Americans with Disabilities Act, and juvenile vs adult offender determination – are all social policies that have been influenced by research in human development.

Question 14

Stem cells that could be used to treat diseases such as Parkinson's disease are taken from

Accepted Answer

Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells that can be used to treat a variety of diseases, including Parkinson's disease. These stem cells have the potential to develop into various types of cells in the body and can be used to replace damaged or diseased cells. Human embryos are another potential source of stem cells, but the use of embryonic stem cells is controversial and subject to ethical debate. Animal brains and plants are not sources of stem cells that can be used to treat human diseases.

Question 15

In an experiment, the independent variable is the behavior that is being

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated or changed by the researcher in order to observe its effect on the dependent variable. This is why it is also sometimes referred to as the "manipulated variable."

Question 16

Which of the following research study approaches is MOST susceptible to the influence of cohort effects?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional studies are the most susceptible to cohort effects because they involve comparing different age groups at one point in time. Cohort effects occur when people of different generations are exposed to different environmental factors and historical events that may affect their behavior or development. Therefore, a cross-sectional study may not accurately reflect true developmental changes over time, but rather differences between cohorts. Longitudinal studies are less affected by cohort effects because they follow the same participants over time, allowing for better tracking of developmental changes. Sequential studies combine elements of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, allowing researchers to track both within-cohort and between-cohort changes. Divergent studies are not a commonly used research approach in developmental psychology research.

Question 17

Qualitative research differs from quantitative research because it

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research is primarily concerned with gaining an understanding of human behavior and the underlying reasons for certain phenomena. Unlike quantitative research, it does not rely heavily on statistical analysis and can often be conducted in natural or real-world settings, rather than in a laboratory. Qualitative research also tends to be non-correlational, meaning that it does not focus on establishing a relationship between variables in the same way that quantitative research does.

Question 18

Which of the following research methods combines the aspects of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs?

Accepted Answer

Sequential studies combine aspects of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs by studying multiple groups of individuals at different ages over a period of time. This allows for the examination of both age-related changes and cohort effects.

Question 19

A shortcoming of _________ experiments is that they are conducted in artificial environments, and thus the findings may not reflect behavior as it occurs in the real world.

Accepted Answer

Laboratory experiments are conducted under controlled conditions which are often artificial and can differ greatly from the natural environment. As a result, the findings may not be generalizable to real-world situations.

Question 20

What is it about the use of controversial stem cells that makes them so potentially important for the treatment of many medical conditions that have eluded effective treatments in the past?

Accepted Answer

Stem cells have the unique ability to differentiate into different types of cells in the body. This makes them potentially useful for treating a wide range of medical conditions. Additionally, stem cells have been found to be less likely to be rejected by the body's immune system compared to other types of human cells. This means that they can potentially be used for tissue and organ regeneration without the risk of rejection by the recipient's immune system.

Quiz 1: The Study of Human Development