Question 1

Why is it that defining retirement is such a difficult task?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it that defining retirement is...

Question 2

When health concerns are not a consideration, the primary reason for retirement for most people is

Accepted Answer

According to the given options, the most appropriate reason for retirement is an individual's own choice. This may include financial stability, achieving personal goals, or pursuing other interests. While the desires of a spouse or family circumstances may be a factor, it ultimately comes down to the individual's decision. Being forced into retirement by company policies is also a possibility but typically not the primary reason for most people.

Question 3

Winecoff and colleagues (2011) used several methods to assess changes in cognitive performance and emotional behavior as adults age. Which of the following areas were NOT measured as part of this research?

Accepted Answer

Distributed practice was not measured as part of this research, while immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition were assessed.

Question 4

Retirement always involves the loss of

Accepted Answer

Retirement often involves the loss of occupational identity, as work has been a significant part of one's identity and sense of purpose for many years. Retirement may also involve changes in autonomy and performance potential, but these are not necessarily always lost. Integrity is not typically associated with retirement.

Question 5

Higher amygdala activation is to lower amygdala activation as

Accepted Answer

As people age, there is a decrease in amygdala activation. Therefore, older adults would have lower amygdala activation compared to younger adults. This is similar to the relationship between children and younger adults, but the specific age ranges are not specified. Adolescents have been found to have higher amygdala activation compared to adults, so option C is not accurate. Option D is also not accurate, as "very" old adults would likely still have lower amygdala activation compared to older adults, and there is no clear age range specified for "very" old adults.

Question 6

Joanna has been having a lot of struggles in her life as of late. She has decided to embrace her spiritual faith and to turn her problems over to God. Which of the following will be the third step of this process, according to the research presented by your authors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Joanna has been having a lot of...

Question 7

Which of the following is an accurate summary of the results of the research of Winecoff and colleagues (2011), which examined neural mechanisms of emotion in the aging human brain?

Accepted Answer

The research found that in the negative reappraisal situation, older adults had higher reports of negative emotion compared to younger adults.

Question 8

Only since ________ has there been a substantial number of people who are retired in the United States of America.

Accepted Answer

World War II led to the expansion of the United States economy, the growth of the middle class, and the development of social programs such as Social Security. This led to a significant increase in the number of retired individuals in the US. Before World War II, retirement was not a common practice, and many individuals continued to work until they were physically unable to do so.

Question 9

Krause (2006) found that feelings of self-worth are lowest in older adults who have very little religious commitment. This finding was seen in all but which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

Jews have the highest levels of self-worth among older adults, regardless of their religious commitment.

Question 10

Research has found that Asian caregivers of ________ patients who are more religious report being able to handle the stresses and burdens of caregiving better than nonreligious caregivers.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that Asian caregivers of dementia patients who are more religious report being able to handle the stresses and burdens of caregiving better than nonreligious caregivers (source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2923256/). The other options may also have religious caregivers who report handling caregiving better, but the specific study mentioned only focuses on dementia patients.

Question 11

Neuroimaging research has found that changes in cognitive processing in the ________ is associated with changes in emotional regulation in older adults.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive functioning, including cognitive processes such as decision-making and attention regulation as well as emotional regulation. Changes in cognitive processing within this area have been found to be associated with changes in emotional regulation in older adults.

Question 12

Dr. Llewellyn is conducting a study of changes in emotional regulation that occur as we age. He is examining different brain structures in young, middle, and older adults. He is most likely to find that development in an almond-shaped set of nuclei deep in the brain called the ________ is most highly related to the development of emotional regulation abilities.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is an almond-shaped set of nuclei in the temporal lobe that is highly involved in processing emotions, especially fear and aggression. Research has shown that changes in the amygdala are related to changes in emotional regulation abilities as we age. Therefore, it is likely that Dr. Llewellyn's study will find that the amygdala is most highly related to the development of emotional regulation abilities.

Question 13

When having a conversation with Joseph, he shares with you that he often goes to his pastor for assistance with a variety of matters. Further, he believes firmly in a God who cares for people, and he often participates in both organized and nonorganized religious activities. Clearly Joseph is a man who has a high level of

Accepted Answer

The answer of When having a conversation with Joseph, he...

Question 14

How many of the following are part of the definition of spiritual support: seeking pastoral care, expressing faith in a God, participating in organized religious activities, participating in nonorganized religious activities?

Accepted Answer

All four options listed - seeking pastoral care, expressing faith in a God, participating in organized religious activities, and participating in nonorganized religious activities - are part of the definition of spiritual support. Therefore, the correct answer is D, which includes all four options.

Question 15

Your authors note that for some older adults, particularly ________, a strong attachment to God is what they believe helps them deal with the challenges of life.

Accepted Answer

The authors note that for some older adults, particularly African Americans, a strong attachment to God is what they believe helps them deal with the challenges of life.

Question 16

As he is driving down the road one day, Reubin is suddenly aware of his growing sense of contentment. The weather is nice, the music on the radio makes him feel good, and he is driving from his good job to his nice home where his loving partner and their children are waiting for him. Reubin is experiencing a heightened sense of

Accepted Answer

Reubin's sense of contentment and well-being indicate that he is experiencing subjective well-being, which refers to an individual's overall evaluation of their life and happiness. Affective affiliation refers to the emotional bonds individuals have with others, integrity relates to an individual's sense of wholeness and honesty, and generativity refers to the desire to give back and create a legacy. None of these concepts are directly relevant to Reubin's experience of contentment while driving.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT typically measured in an effort to assess subjective well-being?

Accepted Answer

While stress may be related to subjective well-being, it is not typically measured as an indicator of subjective well-being. The other options (life satisfaction, happiness, self-esteem) are commonly used measures to assess subjective well-being.

Question 18

During which age period has research found the lowest average levels of life-satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that life satisfaction tends to follow a U-shaped curve over the lifespan, with the lowest point typically occurring in middle age, around the ages of 41-50 years. This period is often associated with mid-life crises and the realization of unmet goals, contributing to lower levels of life satisfaction.

Question 19

Dennis and Jennifer both joined their company at the same time, have worked together for many years, and are now approaching the age when they will retire. Which of the following is the most accurate statement with regard to their individual retirement trajectories?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that women, like Jennifer, often spend less time planning for retirement compared to men, like Dennis, due to various factors including career interruptions and lower financial literacy.

Question 20

Mickey regularly practices ________. Each day he allows a set period of time when he will be able to engage in this activity. If he were to undergo neurological research, there would probably be evidence that the attention systems in his brain are more organized.

Accepted Answer

The set period of time and the mention of the organization of attention systems in the brain suggest that Mickey regularly practices meditation.

Quiz 15: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship,