Question 1

Explain the response of oxygen consumption to steady state, sub-maximal exercise

Accepted Answer

During steady-state, sub-maximal exercise, the response of oxygen consumption is to increase gradually and then plateau at a relatively constant level. This increase in oxygen consumption is necessary to meet the energy demands of the working muscles. As the intensity of the exercise increases, so does the oxygen consumption, until a point is reached where the body is able to supply enough oxygen to meet the energy demands of the muscles. At this point, oxygen consumption plateaus and remains relatively constant for the duration of the sub-maximal exercise. This steady-state level of oxygen consumption allows the body to sustain the exercise intensity without accumulating an oxygen debt or experiencing excessive fatigue. The ability to achieve and maintain a steady-state level of oxygen consumption is an important indicator of cardiovascular and respiratory fitness.

Question 2

Evaluate creatine supplements based on legality, ethics, safety, and effectiveness

Accepted Answer

Creatine supplements are legal and widely available for purchase in many countries. They are considered ethical as long as they are used in accordance with the recommended dosage and guidelines. However, it is important to note that some sports organizations may have restrictions on the use of creatine supplements, so athletes should be aware of the rules and regulations in their specific sport.

In terms of safety, creatine supplements are generally considered safe when taken as directed. However, individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, such as kidney or liver disease, should consult with a healthcare professional before using creatine supplements. It is also important to stay hydrated while taking creatine to minimize the risk of potential side effects.

In regards to effectiveness, creatine supplements have been shown to be beneficial for increasing muscle mass, strength, and exercise performance, particularly during high-intensity, short-duration activities. Research has also suggested potential cognitive benefits of creatine supplementation.

Overall, creatine supplements are legal, ethical when used responsibly, generally safe when taken as directed, and have been shown to be effective for certain fitness and performance goals. However, as with any supplement, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before use, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions.

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement regarding creatine supplementation?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Those who respond to creatine supplementation could expect that muscle creatine phosphate concentrations would increase by approximately ____%.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals who respond to creatine supplementation can expect an increase in muscle creatine phosphate concentrations of around 20%.

Question 5

What is the major factor that limits the use of the creatine phosphate energy system?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate is a limited energy source and can be depleted quickly, which limits the use of the creatine phosphate energy system.

Question 6

How many chemical steps are required for the rephosphorylation of ATP by creatine phosphate?

Accepted Answer

The rephosphorylation of ATP by creatine phosphate involves only one chemical step, which is the transfer of a phosphate group from creatine phosphate to ADP catalyzed by the enzyme creatine kinase.

Question 7

Compare and contrast the three energy systems and give examples of physical activities, exercise, or sports in which each is the predominant energy system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the three energy systems...

Question 8

What is the effect on muscle ATP and creatine phosphate (CrP) when an athlete performs very-high-intensity exercise for a very short period of time (e.g., 10 seconds)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the effect on muscle ATP...

Question 9

Explain the concept of respiratory exchange ratio and describe the process of determining the percentage of fat and carbohydrate fuel utilization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the concept of respiratory exchange ratio...

Question 10

In healthy strength and power athletes, creatine supplements are considered to be:

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that creatine supplements are safe and effective in improving strength and power in healthy athletes. However, it is important to use them correctly and follow recommended dosages to avoid potential side effects such as dehydration or gastrointestinal issues.

Question 11

Outline the process of carbohydrate, fat, and protein (amino acid) oxidation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline the process of carbohydrate, fat, and...

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the function of creatine phosphate (CrP)?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate (CrP) rapidly replenishes ATP by donating a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP, allowing for immediate energy replenishment during short-term, high-intensity exercise. It does not directly power muscle contraction, but rather aids in the production of ATP which then powers muscle contraction. Also, while it functions in a similar way to ATP, it is not equivalent to ATP as ATP is the primary source of cellular energy.

Question 13

If creatine phosphate is nearly depleted in skeletal muscle by high-intensity exercise, how is it rephosphorylated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If creatine phosphate is nearly depleted in...

Question 14

Describe the characteristics of the creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation energy systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the characteristics of the creatine phosphate,...

Question 15

Explain the concept of maximal oxygen consumption and become familiar with relative values of VO2 max.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the concept of maximal oxygen consumption...

Question 16

In a well-designed study, a statistically significant increase in maximal strength with creatine supplementation was detected at 12 weeks but not at 1 week. What is the likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Creatine supplementation may allow athletes to complete more weight lifting repetitions and sets, but these effects may not be immediately visible in terms of maximal strength gains. It may take several weeks or months of consistent training to see significant improvements in strength.

Question 17

Based on dietary intake only, whom would you expect to have the lowest amount of muscle creatine?

Accepted Answer

Creatine is primarily found in animal products, especially beef, pork, and fish. Therefore, vegetarians who avoid these foods, would be expected to have lower levels of muscle creatine compared to red meat and fish eaters.

Question 18

If creatine phosphate is nearly depleted in skeletal muscle by high-intensity exercise, approximately how long does it take to restore creatine phosphate levels?

Accepted Answer

It takes approximately 1-2 minutes to restore creatine phosphate levels in skeletal muscle after it has been nearly depleted by high-intensity exercise.

Question 19

What is creatine phosphate (CrP)?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate is a nitrogen-containing compound made from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine. It is used as a source of energy in muscle cells, particularly during short bursts of high-intensity activity.

Question 20

Which of the following is a true statement regarding creatine supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A) The usual daily dose of creatine supplementation is 3 to 5 g.

B) It is true that some people do not respond to creatine supplementation. Factors such as genetics, diet, and exercise habits can affect how an individual responds to creatine supplementation.

C) Creatine supplementation is known to increase muscle cell water, which can lead to increased muscle size and improved performance.

Therefore, all of the above statements are true regarding creatine supplementation.

Quiz 3: Energy Systems and Exercise

Explain the response of oxygen consumption to steady state, sub-maximal exercise

Evaluate creatine supplements based on legality, ethics, safety, and effectiveness

Which of the following is a true statement regarding creatine supplementation?

Those who respond to creatine supplementation could expect that muscle creatine phosphate concentrations would increase by approximately ____%.

What is the major factor that limits the use of the creatine phosphate energy system?

How many chemical steps are required for the rephosphorylation of ATP by creatine phosphate?

Compare and contrast the three energy systems and give examples of physical activities, exercise, or sports in which each is the predominant energy system.

What is the effect on muscle ATP and creatine phosphate (CrP) when an athlete performs very-high-intensity exercise for a very short period of time (e.g., 10 seconds) ?

Explain the concept of respiratory exchange ratio and describe the process of determining the percentage of fat and carbohydrate fuel utilization.

In healthy strength and power athletes, creatine supplements are considered to be:

Outline the process of carbohydrate, fat, and protein (amino acid) oxidation.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the function of creatine phosphate (CrP) ?

If creatine phosphate is nearly depleted in skeletal muscle by high-intensity exercise, how is it rephosphorylated?

Describe the characteristics of the creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation energy systems.

Explain the concept of maximal oxygen consumption and become familiar with relative values of VO2 max.

In a well-designed study, a statistically significant increase in maximal strength with creatine supplementation was detected at 12 weeks but not at 1 week. What is the likely explanation?

Based on dietary intake only, whom would you expect to have the lowest amount of muscle creatine?

If creatine phosphate is nearly depleted in skeletal muscle by high-intensity exercise, approximately how long does it take to restore creatine phosphate levels?

What is creatine phosphate (CrP) ?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding creatine supplementation?