Question 1

Sandra claims that Antoine's anxiety originates from unresolved sexual conflicts residing in his unconscious. Sandra's interpretation of Antoine's condition is consistent with the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Sandra's interpretation is consistent with the psychodynamic perspective, which emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts, often of a sexual nature, as influencing behavior and mental states. This perspective is closely associated with the theories of Sigmund Freud.

Question 2

In describing how a person arrives at a decision, a psychology professor explains to his class that "the mind is very much like a computer and that decision-making involves input, processing, storage, and output." This professor is emphasizing which view of behavior?

Accepted Answer

The professor's description aligns with the cognitive view of behavior, which emphasizes mental processes like thinking, memory, and decision-making, similar to how a computer processes information.

Question 3

Which contemporary view in psychology sees behavior in terms of the mental processing of information?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world. It emphasizes mental processes involved in perception, memory, judgment, and decision-making, viewing behavior as a consequence of information processing.

Question 4

The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs is called

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativity is the principle that an individual's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. This concept emphasizes the importance of understanding different cultures on their own terms, rather than judging them by the standards of one's own culture.

Question 5

Which view within the psychological perspective sees behavior as the result of hidden, clashing forces within one's personality?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective, rooted in the theories of Freud, views behavior as the outcome of internal conflicts and unconscious forces within one's personality.

Question 6

Taylor believes his behavior is guided by his own self-image and that he has the power to control his own fate and reach his full potential. Taylor has adopted which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Taylor's belief in controlling his own fate and reaching his full potential, guided by his self-image, aligns with the humanistic perspective. This perspective emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the belief that individuals inherently strive to maximize their potential.

Question 7

Inspired by the humanists, which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such TOPIC (B-HEAD)s as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement?

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of positive aspects of human life, such as happiness, well-being, and personal fulfillment. It aims to understand and foster the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive, which aligns with the description given.

Question 8

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors, such as thinking, memory, language, problem-solving, consciousness, and creativity?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology has gained prominence due to its focus on internal processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving, which researchers have found ways to study objectively.

Question 9

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology indeed has a positive, philosophical view of human nature, emphasizing personal growth, self-actualization, and the inherent goodness of people.

Question 10

Rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups are called

Accepted Answer

Social norms are the rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups, guiding how individuals within societies should act in different situations.

Question 11

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach, founded by Sigmund Freud, often views human nature through a lens that emphasizes unconscious conflicts, motivations, and somewhat negative or pessimistic aspects of personality development. This contrasts with more positive or neutral views of human nature found in other psychological approaches.

Question 12

Which perspective focuses on subjective, conscious experience, human problems, potentials, and ideals and emphasizes one's self-image and self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective in psychology emphasizes subjective, conscious experiences and focuses on individual potential, self-actualization, and the importance of self-concept and personal growth. This approach contrasts with behaviorism's focus on observable behaviors, psychodynamic's focus on unconscious motivations, and cognitive psychology's focus on mental processes.

Question 13

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativity involves understanding and considering an individual's beliefs, practices, and values within the context of their own culture, rather than judging them by the standards of another culture. This approach is crucial in mental health care to ensure that diagnoses and therapeutic interventions are culturally appropriate and effective.

Question 14

The study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior is called __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology focuses on the positive aspects of human life, such as strengths, virtues, and optimal functioning, rather than on mental illness or psychological problems.

Question 15

Which of the following perspectives is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

The social perspective views human nature as neutral, emphasizing the role of social interaction in shaping behavior and attitudes, fitting an interactionist view.

Question 16

Cultural differences, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation all affect the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior called

Accepted Answer

Social norms are the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior in a society, and they can be influenced by various factors including cultural differences, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation.

Question 17

Which of the following perspectives in psychology takes an interactionist view of human nature and emphasizes that behavior is related to the environment within which a person is born, grows up, and lives from day to day?

Accepted Answer

The social perspective in psychology emphasizes the interaction between individuals and their social context, suggesting that behavior is influenced by the environment in which a person is born, grows up, and lives. This perspective focuses on how people are influenced by their interactions with others and the social structures of society.

Question 18

Dr. Maxwell is conducting research to determine how a person's subjective well-being is affected by his or her goals, choices, values, emotions, and personality. Dr. Maxwell's research would fit under which psychological approach?

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology focuses on strengths, virtues, and factors that contribute to a fulfilling life, such as goals, choices, values, emotions, and personality, which aligns with Dr. Maxwell's research interests.

Question 19

The contemporary view in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the effects of learning and stresses the influence of external rewards and punishments is the __________ view.

Accepted Answer

The behaviorist view in psychology focuses on observable behavior and the effects of learning, emphasizing the role of external rewards and punishments in shaping behavior. This approach contrasts with cognitive, humanistic, and biopsychological perspectives, which focus on internal processes, individual potential, and the interplay of biological factors, respectively.

Question 20

A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theory, originally developed by Freud, posits that behavior is influenced by unconscious processes, including desires, thoughts, and memories of which individuals are not consciously aware. This perspective focuses on how these unconscious forces interact to shape personality and behavior.

Quiz 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Sandra claims that Antoine's anxiety originates from unresolved sexual conflicts residing in his unconscious. Sandra's interpretation of Antoine's condition is consistent with the __________ perspective.

In describing how a person arrives at a decision, a psychology professor explains to his class that "the mind is very much like a computer and that decision-making involves input, processing, storage, and output." This professor is emphasizing which view of behavior?

Which contemporary view in psychology sees behavior in terms of the mental processing of information?

The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs is called

Which view within the psychological perspective sees behavior as the result of hidden, clashing forces within one's personality?

Taylor believes his behavior is guided by his own self-image and that he has the power to control his own fate and reach his full potential. Taylor has adopted which psychological perspective?

Inspired by the humanists, which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such TOPIC (B-HEAD) s as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement?

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors, such as thinking, memory, language, problem-solving, consciousness, and creativity?

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups are called

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Which perspective focuses on subjective, conscious experience, human problems, potentials, and ideals and emphasizes one's self-image and self-actualization?

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

The study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior is called __________ psychology.

Which of the following perspectives is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Cultural differences, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation all affect the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior called

Which of the following perspectives in psychology takes an interactionist view of human nature and emphasizes that behavior is related to the environment within which a person is born, grows up, and lives from day to day?

Dr. Maxwell is conducting research to determine how a person's subjective well-being is affected by his or her goals, choices, values, emotions, and personality. Dr. Maxwell's research would fit under which psychological approach?

The contemporary view in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the effects of learning and stresses the influence of external rewards and punishments is the __________ view.

A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic