Question 1

Three-year-old Celeste cries and tries to cling to her mother when her mother leaves the house. When Celeste's mother returns and tries to give Celeste a hug, Celeste pushes her away and yells, "Bad mommy!" Celeste's attachment to her mother would be described as ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The fact that Celeste cries and clings to her mother when she leaves suggests that she has a strong attachment to her mother. However, her reaction when her mother returns (pushing her away and calling her "bad mommy") suggests that she is experiencing ambivalent attachment, characterized by a mix of clingy and rejecting behaviors. This is commonly seen in children who have inconsistent caregiving; they are unsure if their caregiver will be there for them when they need them, so they simultaneously seek out and push away their caregiver.

Question 2

Little Tara is having lots of fun exploring her aunt's home while her mom and aunt are talking. She crawls into other rooms for brief periods and then makes her way back to her mom. Tara may climb into her mom's lap for a while, but it isn't long until she is off exploring some other room. Tara is exhibiting ____
​

Accepted Answer

Tara's behavior of exploring briefly and then returning to her mother for comfort is indicative of a secure attachment, where the child feels safe to explore the environment but also seeks comfort and reassurance from the attachment figure when needed. Infant hyperactivity or an insecure attachment would involve more persistent signs of distress or avoidance of the attachment figure. Sensorimotor play may be a part of Tara's exploration but doesn't encompass the whole behavior.

Question 3

Abby is a gurgling, even-tempered, happy baby. Austin is a fussy, irregular, and irritable baby. These characteristics describe each infant's basic, natural disposition-her or his ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to an individual's natural tendency to react in a certain way to various stimuli. Abby's and Austin's dispositions are described as temperament, which is a relatively stable characteristic that is believed to have a biological basis. Genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup, while goodness of fit refers to how well a child's temperament matches the demands and expectations of their environment. Egocentrism refers to a cognitive characteristic where an individual has difficulty understanding other people's perspectives.

Question 4

A school board educational committee in a rural community is contemplating how to help deprived children improve their academic performance. Which elements do they need to emphasize outside of the classroom, according to developmental psychologists? ​

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists emphasize the crucial role of supportive and stimulating adults in improving academic performance of deprived children outside of the classroom. While extracurricular activities may provide opportunities for growth, play time is important for development, and material rewards may offer motivation, none of these elements can replace the positive influence of a caring and engaged adult figure in a child's life.

Question 5

While at the dentist office, Judith leaves her infant son Patrick for a few minutes with the nurse while she uses the restroom. Upon her return, Patrick does not pay any attention to Judith. Based on this interaction, one could surmise that Patrick has developed a(n)____ attachment style. ​

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes an avoidant attachment style. Infants who have developed an avoidant attachment style tend to avoid their caregivers after periods of separation or distress. In this case, Patrick does not pay attention to Judith after she returns, suggesting that he is avoiding her rather than seeking comfort or reassurance.

Question 6

Harlow's studies with two artificial mothers concluded that ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Harlow's studies with two artificial mothers demonstrated that infant monkeys were motivated by the need for contact and comfort, rather than just the need for food. The monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother, even when the wire mother had a bottle attached to it, indicating that the monkeys were attached to the mother that provided comfort and security.

Question 7

Harriet, the monkey, has been socially isolated since birth. Based on what we know from Harlow's research, which symptoms is least likely to be seen in Harriet? ​

Accepted Answer

Refusal to eat is a symptom often seen in socially isolated monkeys as a result of the lack of social interaction and emotional support. However, huddling and rocking in a corner for hours, sexual inadequacy, and abuse of her offspring are all symptoms that are likely to be seen in socially isolated monkeys based on Harlow's research.

Question 8

Kimmy becomes extremely upset and cries every time her mother leaves her at preschool. However, when Kimmy's mom returns for her, Kimmy becomes angry and squirms out of her mom's arms. Kimmy can best be characterized as having a(n)____ attachment style. ​

Accepted Answer

Kimmy's behavior of becoming extremely upset when her mother leaves and then becoming angry and squirming out of her mom's arms when she returns suggests an ambivalent attachment style. Ambivalent attachment is characterized by an extreme fear of abandonment and separation anxiety, but also a reluctance to be comforted by the caregiver upon their return. This results in the child displaying conflicting behavior towards the caregiver.

Question 9

Psychologists who study children's cognitive development in a range of environments have found that ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists who study children's cognitive development in...

Question 10

Baby Megan has been described as irritable and irregular in her sleeping and eating habits. Megan's temperament is most likely ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Megan's irritable and irregular habits suggest a difficult temperament.

Question 11

According to the text, Harlow's research on attachment demonstrated that monkeys who were socially isolated displayed an inability to ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Harlow's research demonstrated that socially isolated monkeys had difficulty in nurturing their offspring and often showed neglect or rejection of their own infants, indicating an inability to form emotional attachments.

Question 12

You are a contestant on a new game show "Psychologize!" You select a question on attachment, and the host asks you to complete the following: As an infant, Bernard's attachment is described as inconsistent, disturbed, and disturbing. You conclude that Bernard has a(n)____ attachment behavior. ​

Accepted Answer

The description of Bernard's attachment as inconsistent, disturbed, and disturbing suggests that he likely had a disorganized attachment style. Disorganized attachment occurs when there is a lack of a coherent attachment strategy, as a result of experiencing conflicting or disorienting caregiving behaviors. This can lead to a range of behavioral and emotional difficulties later in life.

Question 13

Walt has developed an avoidant attachment style with his father, Michael. How will Walt respond when Michael returns to the room after a brief departure? ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Walt has developed an avoidant attachment style...

Question 14

Two-year-old Aviva and her father are separated in the grocery store for a few minutes. When Aviva sees that her father is gone, she becomes distressed. When Aviva's father returns, Aviva smiles happily and gives him a hug. What kind of attachment does Aviva most likely have with her father? ​

Accepted Answer

Aviva's distress when separated from her father and subsequent happiness when he returns suggest a secure attachment style. A securely attached child is comfortable exploring their environment when their caregiver is present, becomes distressed when separated, and seeks comfort from the caregiver upon their return.

Question 15

Maria's cognitive development seems to be slower than the rest of her classmates'. Many things in her environment might be impairing her cognitive development. Which factor has not been shown to impair cognitive development? ​

Accepted Answer

Although excessive use of electronic games might have negative effects on cognitive development, it has not been shown to impair it.

Question 16

Devin is a cheerful nine-month-old infant who wakes up every day at 5:30 a.m., eats lunch every day at noon, and goes to bed at 9 p.m. He gets fussy in the afternoon but can usually be lulled to sleep. As most babies classified by temperament pattern, he would most likely be classified as ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Devin's consistent daily routine, cheerful demeanor, and ability to be soothed suggest that he is an easy baby.

Question 17

While at a friend's house, Maggie steps into the kitchen and leaves her infant daughter Mikala in the living room. Maggie returns a minute later and sits down to comfort Mikala. Upon doing so, Mikala becomes distressed and begins to cry incessantly. It appears that Mikala and Maggie have a(n)____ attachment style. ​

Accepted Answer

Mikala's distress upon her mother's return and inability to be comforted suggest a disorganized attachment style, characterized by inconsistent and erratic behaviors toward caregivers, often seen in children who have experienced unpredictable responses to their needs.

Question 18

From the time she was born until the age of four months, Tabitha has been irregular and irritable in her style and frequency of expressing needs and emotions. Tabitha can best be described as a(n)____ baby. ​

Accepted Answer

The description of Tabitha being irregular and irritable in expressing needs and emotions aligns with the characteristics of a difficult baby. These babies tend to have irregular eating and sleeping patterns, are fussy and difficult to soothe, and have intense reactions to stimuli.

Question 19

Chun-Sun is going to kindergarten and is very shy. She acts very inhibited and does not play much with the other kids. After a couple of weeks, she begins to play with other kids. Based on what we know about temperament, she most likely was a(n)____ baby when she was younger. ​

Accepted Answer

Slow-to-warm-up babies are typically shy and hesitant in new situations, but can gradually warm up and become more comfortable with time and familiarity. This description aligns with Chun-Sun's behavior of initially being inhibited but eventually playing with the other children. Easy babies are typically adaptable and sociable, while difficult babies are often fussy and difficult to soothe. Ambivalent attachment is a term used to describe a specific pattern of attachment between a child and caregiver, and is not related to temperament.

Question 20

As a young single mother, Dameka is concerned about the effects of sending her six-week-old child to day care, but she has to go to work. A day-care center that ____ is most likely to result in an insecure attachment between Dameka and her baby. ​

Accepted Answer

A day-care center that is insensitive to each individual baby's needs is most likely to result in an insecure attachment between Dameka and her baby. Infants need responsive and sensitive caregiving to develop secure attachments, and a day care that does not meet the individual needs of each baby may not provide the necessary level of care and attention.

Quiz 11: Human Development

Three-year-old Celeste cries and tries to cling to her mother when her mother leaves the house. When Celeste's mother returns and tries to give Celeste a hug, Celeste pushes her away and yells, "Bad mommy!" Celeste's attachment to her mother would be described as ____.

Abby is a gurgling, even-tempered, happy baby. Austin is a fussy, irregular, and irritable baby. These characteristics describe each infant's basic, natural disposition-her or his ____.

A school board educational committee in a rural community is contemplating how to help deprived children improve their academic performance. Which elements do they need to emphasize outside of the classroom, according to developmental psychologists?

While at the dentist office, Judith leaves her infant son Patrick for a few minutes with the nurse while she uses the restroom. Upon her return, Patrick does not pay any attention to Judith. Based on this interaction, one could surmise that Patrick has developed a(n) ____ attachment style.

Harlow's studies with two artificial mothers concluded that ____.

Harriet, the monkey, has been socially isolated since birth. Based on what we know from Harlow's research, which symptoms is least likely to be seen in Harriet?

Kimmy becomes extremely upset and cries every time her mother leaves her at preschool. However, when Kimmy's mom returns for her, Kimmy becomes angry and squirms out of her mom's arms. Kimmy can best be characterized as having a(n) ____ attachment style.

Psychologists who study children's cognitive development in a range of environments have found that ____.

Baby Megan has been described as irritable and irregular in her sleeping and eating habits. Megan's temperament is most likely ____.

According to the text, Harlow's research on attachment demonstrated that monkeys who were socially isolated displayed an inability to ____.

You are a contestant on a new game show "Psychologize!" You select a question on attachment, and the host asks you to complete the following: As an infant, Bernard's attachment is described as inconsistent, disturbed, and disturbing. You conclude that Bernard has a(n) ____ attachment behavior.

Walt has developed an avoidant attachment style with his father, Michael. How will Walt respond when Michael returns to the room after a brief departure?

Two-year-old Aviva and her father are separated in the grocery store for a few minutes. When Aviva sees that her father is gone, she becomes distressed. When Aviva's father returns, Aviva smiles happily and gives him a hug. What kind of attachment does Aviva most likely have with her father?

Maria's cognitive development seems to be slower than the rest of her classmates'. Many things in her environment might be impairing her cognitive development. Which factor has not been shown to impair cognitive development?

Devin is a cheerful nine-month-old infant who wakes up every day at 5:30 a.m., eats lunch every day at noon, and goes to bed at 9 p.m. He gets fussy in the afternoon but can usually be lulled to sleep. As most babies classified by temperament pattern, he would most likely be classified as ____.

From the time she was born until the age of four months, Tabitha has been irregular and irritable in her style and frequency of expressing needs and emotions. Tabitha can best be described as a(n) ____ baby.

Chun-Sun is going to kindergarten and is very shy. She acts very inhibited and does not play much with the other kids. After a couple of weeks, she begins to play with other kids. Based on what we know about temperament, she most likely was a(n) ____ baby when she was younger.

As a young single mother, Dameka is concerned about the effects of sending her six-week-old child to day care, but she has to go to work. A day-care center that ____ is most likely to result in an insecure attachment between Dameka and her baby.